The influence of attention and age on the occurrence of mirror movements

Baliz, Yasmin; Armatas, Christine; Farrow, Maree; Hoy, Kate Elizabeth; Fitzgerald, Paul B.; Bradshaw, John L.; Georgiou‐Karistianis, Nellie

doi:10.1017/s1355617705051003

Cited by 51 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Many studies reported that MMs or unaffected motor cortex activation can be changed or manipulated by exercise [30,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]. This suggests that MMs can be manipulated by rehabilitative management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activation Patterns of Mirror Movements in Patients with Corona Radiata Infarct

Lee

Choi²,

Park³

et al. 2010

Eur Neurol

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Objective: Mirror movements (MMs) are a phenomenon of involuntary movements that accompany physically intended movements of the opposite side of the body. In the current study, we investigated the clinical characteristics and cortical activation patterns of MMs in patients with corona radiata (CR) infarct, using functional MRI. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 31 consecutive hemiparetic stroke patients with CR infarct. Functional MRI was performed to verify brain activation patterns during grasp-release movements of the affected hand, and MM of the unaffected hand was observed simultaneously. Results: The prevalence of MMs was 54.8% (17 out of 31 patients), and the intensity of MMs ranged from mild to moderate. The severity of MM in the unaffected hand is closely related to the poor motor function of the affected upper extremity and to activations of the unaffected motor cortex and both supplementary motor areas (SMAs) during the movement of the affected hand. In addition, the activations of unaffected motor cortex and both SMAs were closely related to poor motor function of the affected upper extremity. Conclusions: The results suggest that MMs, poor motor function, and the activations of ipsilateral motor cortex and both SMAs are closely interconnected in patients with CR infarct.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activation Patterns of Mirror Movements in Patients with Corona Radiata Infarct

Lee

Choi²,

Park³

et al. 2010

Eur Neurol

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“…One could reasonably ask whether positive BOLD responses in the right sensorimotor cortex of the older adults might have accompanied motor overflows such as unintended mirror movements of their left hands (see Hoy, et al 2004). Motor overflow during maintained force generation tasks increases with aging and with fatigue (Baliz et al 2005;Addamo et al 2009). We looked for but did not see overt mirror movements of the left fingers or hands of any participants, either during training outside the scanner or during scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Motor Control During Unimanual Movements

McGregor

Craggs

Benjamin

et al. 2009

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Event related fMRI was used to investigate agerelated changes in BOLD activity during the execution of right hand finger movements in internally or externally guided tasks. All of the younger adults exhibited typical (positive) BOLD responses in supplementary motor areas (SMA) bilaterally, and in the left sensorimotor cortex. Negative BOLD responses were found, however, in the right sensorimotor cortex of the younger adults. In contrast, all but one of the older adults had positive BOLD responses in SMA and sensorimotor cortex of both hemispheres. Across both tasks, older adults showed increased activity (relative to younger adults) in right ventrolateral premotor and medial premotor areas, but more so during the internally guided task. Overall, these results suggest age-related changes in motor control. The younger adults' hemispheric asymmetry and the lack thereof in older adults suggest a fundamental change in interhemispheric communication as part of the normal aging process.

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“…Simultaneous "equalization" of left-right speed and reduction in mirror overflow movements may be due to callosal maturation involving the normal interplay between transcallosal facilitation and transcallosal inhibition. In healthy individuals, activation in one hemisphere during unilateral timed motor tasks facilitates activation of the same neural area in the opposite hemisphere via connections of the corpus callosum (Baliz et al, 2004;Ikeda, Luders, Burgess, & Shibasaki, 1992). Motor overflow occurs via this transcallosal facilitation early in life, until it becomes inhibited by (callosally mediated) interhemispheric inhibitory mechanisms arising from the contralateral hemisphere (Aranyi & Rosler, 2002;Baliz et al, 2004;Sohn, Jung, & Kaelin-Lang, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy individuals, activation in one hemisphere during unilateral timed motor tasks facilitates activation of the same neural area in the opposite hemisphere via connections of the corpus callosum (Baliz et al, 2004;Ikeda, Luders, Burgess, & Shibasaki, 1992). Motor overflow occurs via this transcallosal facilitation early in life, until it becomes inhibited by (callosally mediated) interhemispheric inhibitory mechanisms arising from the contralateral hemisphere (Aranyi & Rosler, 2002;Baliz et al, 2004;Sohn, Jung, & Kaelin-Lang, 2003). Transcallosal inhibition increases as the spread of cortical activation increases, which in turn allows for more efficient unilateral movement ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left-Right Differences on Timed Motor Examination in Children

Roeder

Mahone

Larson

et al. 2008

Child Neuropsychology

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Age-related change in the difference between left-and right-side speed on motor examination may be an important indicator of maturation. Cortical maturation and myelination of the corpus callosum are considered to be related to increased bilateral skill and speed on timed motor tasks. We compared left minus right foot, hand, and finger speed differences using the Revised Physical and Neurological Assessment for Subtle Signs (PANESS; Denckla, 1985); examining 130 typically developing righthanded children (65 boys, 65 girls) ages 7−14. Timed tasks included right and left sets of 20 toe taps, 10 toe-heel alternation sequences, 20 hand pats, 10 hand pronate-supinate sets, 20 finger taps, and 5 sequences of each finger-to-thumb apposition. For each individual, six difference scores between left-and right-sided speeded performances of timed motor tasks were analyzed. Left-right differences decreased significantly with age on toe tapping, heel-toe alternations, hand pronation-supination, finger repetition, and finger sequencing. There were significant gender effects for heel-toe sequences (boys showing a greater left-right difference than girls), and a significant interaction between age and gender for hand pronation-supination, such that the magnitude of the left-right difference was similar for younger, compared with older girls, while the difference was significantly larger for younger, compared to older boys. Speed of performing right and left timed motor tasks equalizes with development; for some tasks, the equalization occurs earlier in girls than in boys. KeywordsMotor; PANESS; Laterality; Gender; Corpus callosumThe majority of studies examining motor development in children suggests that hand preference emerges for a variety of skills between ages 3 and 6 years. By Kindergarten, most typically developing children consistently demonstrate a clear hand preference, with approximately 90% showing right-hand preference for most activities (Best, 1988;Oeztuerk et al., 1999;. The remaining 10% of Kindergarten children show either left-or mixed-hand preference, or delayed manifestation of handedness, suggesting age-related changes that may continue throughout the school-age years. Hand preference implies that the preferred hand is more proficient than the nonpreferred hand in terms of coordination and speed. During the first five years of life, the preferred hand begins to emerge as superior to the nonpreferred hand in terms of speed and coordination. Typically developing toddlers demonstrate an increasingly lateralized hand preference for activities such as reaching, manipulation of toys, and drawing, with more children at age 2 years showing consistent hand preference than those at 9 and 13 months of age, particularly on crayon tasks (Cornwell, Harris, & Fitzgerald, 1991). After age 5 years, however, although hand preference persists, these lateral differences diminish; this is likely to be due (at least in part) to the rapid development and myelination of the corpus callosum that allows for more efficient co...

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The influence of attention and age on the occurrence of mirror movements

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activation Patterns of Mirror Movements in Patients with Corona Radiata Infarct

Clinical Characteristics and Brain Activation Patterns of Mirror Movements in Patients with Corona Radiata Infarct

Age-Related Changes in Motor Control During Unimanual Movements

Left-Right Differences on Timed Motor Examination in Children

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