The Influence of Anogenital Injury on Women’s Willingness to Engage With the Criminal Justice Process After Rape

Fisher, Bonnie S.; Kaplan, Alyssa; Budescu, Mia; Fargo, Jamison D.; Tiller, Deborah; Everett, Janine S.; Sommers, Marilyn S.

doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00109

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, Jones and colleagues (2009) found no difference in penetration type between those reporting and not reporting. Prior studies are inconsistent regarding whether women with anogenital or bodily injuries were more likely to report (Fisher et al, 2013; Jones et al, 2009). In a prior study of patients presenting for MFEs, neither anogenital nor bodily injury were associated with reporting (Jones et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Law Enforcement Reporting in Patients Presenting for Medical Forensic Examinations

Downing

Adams

Bogue

2020

J Interpers Violence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Law enforcement reporting following sexual assault is lower than for other violent crimes. Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) provide care for patients in the acute period following sexual assault and are well-positioned to identify and address barriers to reporting. We examined data from medical forensic examination records documented by SANEs for a 5-year period (2011–2015). We examined 347 records of women 18 and older to identify factors associated with law enforcement reporting at the time of the exam using binomial logistic regression to construct odds ratios (OR). A total of 56.5% of patients in the sample reported to law enforcement. Patients who did not voluntarily consume alcohol were more likely to report than those who did (OR = 4.45; p = .001). Patients who were not students were more likely to report than students (OR = 3.24; p = .002). Patients who had a medical forensic exam within 32 hr of the assault were more likely to report than those having exams after 32 hr (OR = 2.68; p = .007). Patients who had anogenital and/or bodily injuries were more likely to report than those who had no injuries (OR = 2.50; p = .008). Patients who were penetrated (vaginally, orally, and/or anally) were more likely to report than those who were not penetrated (OR = 2.50; p = .056). Knowing the assailant, having multiple assailants, and patient and assailant race/ethnicity were not associated with different likelihood of reporting to law enforcement. SANEs and others who work with victims of sexual assault can use data to understand and address barriers to reporting.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Law Enforcement Reporting in Patients Presenting for Medical Forensic Examinations

Downing

Adams

Bogue

2020

J Interpers Violence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Injuries, such as those from strangulation, can significantly impact clinical outcomes if they are not detected (8). Additionally, research indicates injury documentation is associated with greater victim engagement in the criminal justice process (9,10) and may provide corroborative evidence in court (11).…”

Section: Abstract: Alternate Light Bruises Detection Injury Ultramentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Scafide

Sheridan

Downing

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bruises are often difficult to detect on victims of violence, potentially impacting investigation and prosecution. The purpose of our randomized controlled trial was to measure the effectiveness of an alternate light source (ALS) within visible and long ultraviolet spectrums at improving bruise detection compared to white light over time. We also examined the effects of skin color, age, gender, localized fat, and injury mechanism on bruise detection. Participants included 157 healthy adults with balanced sampling across six skin color categories. Bruises were created under the controlled application of a paintball pellet and dropped weight to one upper and lower arm, respectively. Using a crossover design, both bruises were examined 21 times over 4 weeks. Ten different wavelength (350–535 nm) and filter (yellow, orange, red) combinations were used. Multilevel models were used to analyze 2903 examinations on both upper and lower arms. Results in multivariable models showed after controlling for other covariates 415 and 450 nm using a yellow filter had greater odds of detecting evidence of bruising than white light (Upper Arm: 415 nm: OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 4.35–6.56; 450 nm: OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 3.36–4.96). Under either light source, being female and having more localized fat had increased odds of detecting bruises created by the dropped weight (female: OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.37–3.70; fat: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34). Our results support ALS as an appropriate tool to enhance concurrent physical assessment of bruises in the presence of known history of injury. Future development and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for ALS application are needed.

show abstract

“…Victim-perpetrator relationship has repeatedly been found to be predictive of rape reporting, with victims of stranger rape significantly more likely to report their rapes to law enforcement than victims who knew their perpetrator (Allen, 2007;Chen & Ullman, 2010;Fehman-Summers & Norris, 1984;Fisher et al, 2013; This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

Section: Assault Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heath, Lynch, Fritch, & Wong, 2013;Lizotte, 1985;Ménard, 2005;Paul et al, 2014). This disparity persists in hypotheticalscenario studies, with women acknowledging that they would be less likely to report a rape if the perpetrator was known to them, even if there was proof of injury (Fisher et al, 2013). Ménard (2005) detected a significant interaction between victimperpetrator relationship and assault severity (defined as presence of a weapon and victim injury), such that victim-perpetrator relationship seemed to have little effect on a victim's decision to report "less severe" assaults.…”

Section: Assault Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that have included gender in their analysis, however, have found that female victims of sexual assault are more likely to report their assaults than male victims (Allen, 2007). With respect to victim race and ethnicity , it appears that African American women are more likely to report their sexual assaults to the police than white women (Bachman, 1998; Chen & Ullman, 2010; Fisher et al, 2013; Hamby, 2008; Clay-Warner & McMahon-Howard, 2009). However, Hispanic/Latina women are less likely to report sexual assault than are non-Hispanic white women (Rennison, 2007).…”

Section: An Ecological Approach To Understanding Reportingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sexual misconduct in prison: What factors affect whether incarcerated women will report abuses committed by prison staff?

Kubiak¹,

Brenner²,

Bybee³

et al. 2017

Law and Human Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than 80,000 prisoners each year are sexually victimized during incarceration, but only about 8% report victimization to correctional authorities. Complicating reporting is the fact that half of the perpetrators are staff members. Given the restrictive and highly regulated prison environment, studies that examine reporting behaviors are difficult to conduct and to date information available relied on those who have reported or hypothetical victimization studies. This study uses an ecological framework and archival data from a class action lawsuit of sexual misconduct to determine predictors of reporting. Relying on a subsample of 179 women, chosen because they have all experienced at least 1 penetration offense, we use bivariate and multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analyses to examine individual, assault, and context-level predictors of reporting on 397 incidents of staff sexual misconduct. The final model revealed that that 6 predictors (age at time of assault, physical injury, multiple incidents, perpetrator with multiple victims, the year the abuse began, and the number of years women have left on their sentence) account for 58% of the variance in reporting. Disclosure to inmate peers and/or family and friends was significant in the bivariate results. These findings indicate the need for stronger and more systematic implementation of Prison Rape Elimination Act guidelines and remedies that create and enforce sanctions, including termination, for staff violating policy and state law. (PsycINFO Database Record

show abstract

The Influence of Anogenital Injury on Women’s Willingness to Engage With the Criminal Justice Process After Rape

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Factors Associated With Law Enforcement Reporting in Patients Presenting for Medical Forensic Examinations

Factors Associated With Law Enforcement Reporting in Patients Presenting for Medical Forensic Examinations

Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Sexual misconduct in prison: What factors affect whether incarcerated women will report abuses committed by prison staff?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About