Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Scafide, Katherine N.; Sheridan, Daniel J.; Downing, Nancy R.; Hayat, Matthew J.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14294

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although it was policy that law enforcement officers be trained to identify NFS and refer all victims to forensic medical examinations, it is possible that officers lacked in their ability to identify NFS and in turn failed to refer victims. Indeed, research has indicated the difficulties in identifying IPV injuries on women of color [23] and the importance of using an alternate light source to improve detection of injury on darker skin tones [30,32]. Also, research indicates that roughly one-fifth of NFS victims in domestic violence police reports are male [15], yet only two forensic exams were conducted for male victims, suggesting that it is possible that officers used their discretion and were less likely to refer male victims to an exam.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic documentation of non‐fatal strangulation

Reckdenwald

Powell

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The purpose of this study is to examine forensic documentation of non‐fatal strangulation (NFS) in domestic violence cases. Research has pointed to the importance of forensic evidence in the prosecution of strangulation offenders. However, limited research has examined the type of evidence that is gathered during a forensic examination for NFS that occurs during a domestic violence situation. To address this gap in the literature, this study analyzed 63 NFS forensic examination records and body sketches for victims who were referred by police during a domestic violence incident. Results reflect the seriousness of NFS with multiple strangulation attacks in the current incident recorded in 52% of the reports, loss of consciousness recorded in 13.1% of the reports, and a history of strangulation in the relationship recorded in 60% of the reports. It is argued that a forensic exam is essential to identify and mitigate serious symptoms and injuries, as well as to collect valuable evidence that can be used during legal proceedings. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic documentation of non‐fatal strangulation

Reckdenwald

Powell

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…In some cases, bruises in victims of abuse cannot be readily observed due to factors such as skin color and age. Prior work has found that using an alternate light source is five times more effective at detecting a range of bruises in victims, regardless of skin tone, than white light (Scafide et al, 2020). By contrast, alternate light sources can be used to detect bruises, but other skin lesions (scars, hyperpigmentation, etc.)…”

Section: Viability Of This Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Early Detection Tool for Elder Abuse during Epidemics, Digital Analysis of Color Tone on the Surface of the Skin in Elderly People

Yamada¹,

Hyodoh²,

Matsuhashi³

et al. 2021

GJHS

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The purpose of this study was to attempt a digital analysis of body color tone of elderly subjects, thus demonstrating that nurses and caregivers can easily and reliably record changes in body color tone. This cross-sectional study took place between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019. A workshop was set up where observers received explanations from researchers on how to use color charts and recording forms. Measurement instruments (digital cameras) were also standardized in this effort. While the elderly subjects targeted by this study suffered from dementia, they were able to converse and understood the purpose of the study, and the study was conducted with their and their families’consent. In addition, after receiving approval from a research ethics examination from an affiliated university, the target facility gaining this consent was subjected to an ethical review, after which we implemented the study in accordance with ethical guidelines for medical research on humans. Consent was obtained from 30 subjects (20 female (66.7%), 8 male (26.7%) and 2 for which the gender was unknown; average age: 87.8 years (minimum 80 years, maximum 100 years)). We were able to perform digital image analysis of the lesion site and unaffected parts, and present numerical values. Evaluations by observers were significantly different depending on the individual, and subjectivity greatly influenced comparisons with the color chart based on visual evaluations. It was confirmed that numerical evaluation of images taken in hospitals and nursing homes could also be performed using general-purpose software.

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“…This study requires the construction of a dataset big enough to train a neural network and classify bruises according to their age. For this, a controlled experiment was carried out using a bruise generation method, like the one used in [15] and [17]. Two paintball matches were held, with a difference of 30 days between them.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a bilirubin meter is evaluated as a bruise dating method in [16], where it is found that the difference in bilirubin level between healthy skin and bruise has a peak between day 4 and 5, which decreases in the following days. An alternate light source, in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum, is used in [17] to evaluate its effectiveness in the detection of bruise, compared to white light. Detection is a previous step to bruise dating.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bruise dating using deep learning

Tirado

Mauricio

2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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According to the latest report of the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], domestic violence against women is a global scourge, with a prevalence of physical or sexual abuse against women of just over 30% globally and 29.8% in Latin America (see Figure 1). Some victims of violence report these facts to the authorities, which require forensic clinical services such as bruise dating to support complaints, since the results of dating, used as evidence, can be decisive for justice. However, many of these complaints are filed due to lack of evidence or error in the dating of bruise, which aggravates the consequences of this scourge. Bruise, also known as ecchymosis, is the internal bleeding of the skin due to the rupture of blood vessels, which is caused by an impact with an edgeless object, without tearing or cutting the skin. Therefore, blood escapes from blood vessels close to the surface of the skin being trapped under it [2]. This generates a coloration on the surface of the skin, which shows a series of colors that vary over time and can be visible for up to 30 days from its appearance, so the medical literature reports the use of color scales for dating of an bruise. This procedure consists in determining the age of this bruise; thus, the bruise is visualized in situ or through photographs, and the judgment of an expert is applied [3], who, in general, is a coroner, and its importance lies in being evidence fundamental in a trial for domestic violence or against women. There are studies on the dating of bruise, from the medical and forensic point of view, where the use of histological analysis [4], genetic [5], chromatography [6], and visual inspection techniques are

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Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Forensic documentation of non‐fatal strangulation

Forensic documentation of non‐fatal strangulation

COVID-19 Early Detection Tool for Elder Abuse during Epidemics, Digital Analysis of Color Tone on the Surface of the Skin in Elderly People

Bruise dating using deep learning

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