The Influence of AIDS on the Morphometric and Immune Status of the Uterine Cervix of Autopsied Patients

Cavellani, Camila Lourencini; Rocha, Laura Penna; Rosa, Simone C. da Silva; Oliveira, Lívia Ferreira; Faria, Humberto Aparecido; Olegário, Janaínna Grazielle Pacheco; Corrêa, Rosana Rosa Miranda; Teixeira, Vicente de Paula Antunes

doi:10.2174/157016211798998745

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Compared to uninfected women, cervical tissues from HIV-infected women showed altered cell migration and activation, particularly in pDCs. This result was not surprising considering that pDCs preferentially detect and respond to viral infections [ 21 ], LCs have been shown to decrease in numbers during chronic HIV infection, but it is unclear if their activation profile is altered [ 48 ]. Given that LCs and pDCs express low levels of TLR4 [ 49 ], the response to LPS in this study may be attributed to by-stander activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Female Genital Tract-Derived Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Shey

Maharaj²,

Archary

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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HIV transmission across the genital mucosa is a major mode of new HIV infections in women. The probability of infection may be influenced by several factors including recruitment and activation of HIV target cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine production, associated with genital inflammation. We evaluated the role of inflammatory cytokines and TLR signaling in migration and activation of genital tract DCs in the human cervical explant model. Hysterectomy tissues from 10 HIV-negative and 7 HIV-positive donor women were separated into ecto- and endocervical explants, and incubated with inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-1β) or agonists for TLR4 (LPS), TLR2/1 (PAM3) and TLR7/8 (R848). Migration (frequency) and activation (HLA-DR expression) of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs and Langerhans cells were measured by flow cytometry. We observed that cytokines, LPS and PAM3 induced activation of migrating myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. LPS induced a 3.6 fold lower levels of migration of plasmacytoid DCs from HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women (median activation indices of 2.932 vs 0.833). There was however a 4.5 fold increase in migration of Langerhans cells in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected women in response to cytokines (median activation indices of 3.539 vs 0.77). Only TLR agonists induced migration and activation of DCs from endocervical explants. Hormonal contraception use was associated with an increase in activation of DC subsets in the endo and ectocervical explants. We conclude that inflammatory signals in the female genital tract induced DC migration and activation, with possible important implications for HIV susceptibility of cervical tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Female Genital Tract-Derived Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Shey

Maharaj²,

Archary

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Moreover, several studies have pointed to an important interaction of HIV with a specific type of dendritic cells called Langerhans cells (LC), which are characterized by the expression of Langerin and by being found mainly in mucosae; they can get infected with HIV and act as a viral inhibitor [ 114 ], although they seem to act more as a mechanism of capture and transport of viruses to CD4 + T-cells [ 21 , 115 – 117 ]. HIV infection leads to a reduction in LC density in the female genital mucosa [ 118 ], and the systemic activity of HIV infection also affects the population of LCs in the vagina, which decreases in the presence of detectable HIV-RNA but is not decreased in the absence of detectable plasma levels of HIV-RNA [ 119 ].…”

Section: Hiv/aids and Cells Of The Female Genital Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Machado

Silva

Cavellani

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. The sexual route is the main route of HIV transmission, with an increased risk of infection in women compared to men. Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The relationship of these STDs with HIV infection has been widely studied. Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs.

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Morphological and immunological changes in the skin of autopsied women with AIDS

et al. 2012

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by decreased immunity, making a patient more susceptible to opportunistic infections which can have cutaneous manifestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local immunity of the skin through morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Skin samples of 52 women, 27 without AIDS and 25 with AIDS, autopsied in an academic referral hospital in Brazil were evaluated. The autopsy reports and medical records were reviewed, and histochemical Hematoxylin-eosin, Picrosirius red, and Verhoeff stains as well as morphometric (Image J and KS-300 Kontron-Zeiss) and immunohistochemical (S-100 and anti-IgA) analyses of the skin were performed. Women with AIDS presented a thinner epidermis than women without AIDS (33.33 [12.00-317.66] vs 67.42 [12.00-530.02] μm; p < 0.001), with a lower number of epithelial cell layers (4.00 [2.00-11.00] vs 4.00 [2.00-16.00]; p < 0.001), a smaller cell diameter (12.92 [6.00-28.87] vs 24.32 [6.00-33.12] μm; p < 0.001), and a lower number of Langerhans cells (LC) (12.58 [0.00-81.74] vs 31.44 [0.00-169.77] LC/mm(2); p < 0.001). The dermis contained more collagen fibers (8.20 % [2.40-19.40] vs 6.30 % [0.40-13.90]; p < 0.001). Some of these parameters were negatively correlated with viral load and positively correlated with the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. We conclude that a decrease of the local skin immunity in women with AIDS may contribute to the development of skin lesions.

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The Influence of AIDS on the Morphometric and Immune Status of the Uterine Cervix of Autopsied Patients

Abstract: AIDS causes alterations in the structure of the cervical epithelium and in its extracellular matrix, leading to alterations in the local and systemic immunity, and triggering signs and opportunistic infections in the uterine cervix in the course of the disease.

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Modulation of Female Genital Tract-Derived Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Modulation of Female Genital Tract-Derived Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Morphological and immunological changes in the skin of autopsied women with AIDS

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