Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Machado, Juliana Reis; Silva, Marcos Vinícius da; Cavellani, Camila Lourencini; Reis, Marlene Antônia dos; Monteiro, Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis; Teixeira, Vicente de Paula Antunes; Corrêa, Rosana Rosa Miranda

doi:10.1155/2014/350195

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 313 publications

(291 reference statements)

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“…The acquisition and prevention of HIV infection in women is complex and influenced by biological, behavioural and structural factors. Route of transmission , age of sexual debut , partner's viral load , partner's stage of infection , anatomy, epithelial integrity and presence of curable sexually transmitted infections are some biological factors associated with the excess risk of HIV infection among women. In addition, conflicting sex differences in the progression of the disease have been observed in several studies of HIV‐1 infected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of sex in a West African cohort of HIV‐1, HIV‐2 and HIV‐1/2 dually infected patients: men are worse off

Jespersen

Hønge

Esbjörnsson

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjectives Several studies have reported conflicting effects of sex on HIV-1 infection. We describe differences in baseline characteristics and assess the impact of sex on HIV progression among patients at a clinic with many HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dually infected patients.methods This study utilised a retrospective cohort of treatment-na€ ıve adults at the largest HIV clinic in Guinea-Bissau from 6 June 2005 to 1 December 2013. Baseline characteristics were assessed and the patients followed until death, transfer, loss to follow-up, or 1 June 2014. We estimated the time from the first clinic visit until initiation of ART, death or loss to follow-up using Cox proportional hazard models.results A total of 5694 patients were included in the study, 3702 women (65%) and 1992 men (35%). Women were more likely than men to be infected with HIV-2 (19% vs. 15%, P < 0.01) or dually infected with HIV-1/2 (11% vs. 9%, P = 0.02). For all HIV types, women were younger (median 35 vs. 40 years), less likely to have schooling (55% vs. 77%) or to be married (46% vs. 67%), and had higher baseline CD4 cell counts (median 214 vs. 178 cells/ll). Men had a higher ageadjusted mortality rate (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.52) and were more often lost to follow-up (HRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17-1.39).conclusion Significant differences exist between HIV-infected men and women regardless of HIV type. Men seek treatment at a later stage and, despite better socio-economic status, have higher mortality and loss to follow-up than women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of sex in a West African cohort of HIV‐1, HIV‐2 and HIV‐1/2 dually infected patients: men are worse off

Jespersen

Hønge

Esbjörnsson

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…[17] Like other etiologies-syphilis and chanchroid-HSV-2 is important in the transmission of HIV because of damage to genital mucosa that causes inflammation and ulcers which facilitate the entry of the HIV virus. Mucosal in female genital tract have different environment, so a holistic approach on genital ulcer therapy is needed, the biggest challenge for clinicians is to diagnose genital ulcers in HIV positive patients with limited supporting facilities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Ulcers in Women with HIV Proposed Revision on Management Algoritm

Mochtar¹

2017

AJLS

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Abstract:More than 100,000 people has been infected by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Indonesia.Mucocutaneous disorders occur in most patients with HIV during the course of the disease, it is caused by acquired immunodeficiency or the effects of the HIV therapy. One of the most important clinical manifestations is genital ulcers. A specific attention is needed to identify the clinical manifestations of genital ulcers in HIV patients to find the etiology so that the treatment of the case can be more appropriate. There are 4 cases of genital ulcers in women with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Both VDRL test (Venereal Disease Reseach Laboratory) and TPHA (Trepenoma pallidum Haemagglutination) test gave negative results. Two cases has successful therapy with acyclovir 400 mg three times for 2 weeks. Test results for herpes simplex antibodies is 2 positive. The incidence of genital ulcers, especially in the chronic form, increases along with the incidence of the growing AIDS epidemic. A prospective study in Paris shows that the most common cause of genital ulcers in patients with AIDS is syphilis. All of these four cases have negative results of VDRL and TPHA, so it is necessary to consider another diagnosis as the cause of genital ulcers in immunocompromised patients that often give atypical clinical symptoms. The accuracy of the diagnosis is necessary to provide adequate treatment, especially in immunocompromised patient.

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“…In SSA, women comprise 60% of adults living with HIV infection [78]. Sexual transmission is the main route of HIV infection, with an increased risk of infection in women in comparison to men [79]. There are several characteristics of the female reproductive tract (FRT) that increase susceptibility to infection, including local changes induced by infection by other microorganisms [79].…”

Section: Stis and Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual transmission is the main route of HIV infection, with an increased risk of infection in women in comparison to men [79]. There are several characteristics of the female reproductive tract (FRT) that increase susceptibility to infection, including local changes induced by infection by other microorganisms [79]. STIs increase susceptibility to HIV, by causing disruption of the genital epithelium, by increasing the number of HIV target cells and by immune activation in the genital mucosa [80].…”

Section: Stis and Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa

Ramjee¹,

Abbai²,

Naidoo³

2015

OJOG

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Despite efforts to control the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), these infections are still highly prevalent in the developing world, especially in Africa where the prevalence and incidence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also very high. Unfortunately, women bear the disproportionate burden of both STIs and HIV in this region. Early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of STIs is therefore crucial in this population given the strong evidence that some STIs have been shown to facilitate the transmission of HIV. This review summarizes the epidemiology, and management of the common STIs affecting African women, and the health complications associated with these infections in the era of emerging antimicrobial resistance.

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Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Cited by 55 publications

References 313 publications

Differential effects of sex in a West African cohort of HIV‐1, HIV‐2 and HIV‐1/2 dually infected patients: men are worse off

Differential effects of sex in a West African cohort of HIV‐1, HIV‐2 and HIV‐1/2 dually infected patients: men are worse off

Genital Ulcers in Women with HIV Proposed Revision on Management Algoritm

Women and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa

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