The influence of agroclimatic conditions and mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of spring triticale in the conditions of Mari El Republic

Abstract

The article presents data of 2019-2021 on the influence of agroclimatic conditions and doses of mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of 13 varieties of spring triticale. A close dependence of the yield of triticale varieties on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0-50 cm was established for the periods May-June (r = 0.73) and July-August (r = 0.85). Without the use of mineral fertilizers in arid conditions with reserves of productive moisture in 0-50 cm soil layer from 61 to 92 mm in the first half of the growing season, the grain productivity of spring triticale varieties was less than 3 t/ha. Under more favorable conditions of soil moistening (154 mm), the yield was almost 4 t/ha, which is a very good indicator for the conditions of Mari El Republic. Against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30-60P60K60, the grain productivity of varieties increased: Rovnya by 20-33 %, Saur ‒ 57-78 %, Savva ‒ 5-22 %, Timur ‒ 39-77 %, Dobroye ‒ 42-60 %, Zaozerye ‒ 38-40 %, KNIISKH 9 ‒ 16-40 %, KNIISKH 11 ‒ 12-30 %, KNIISKH 22 ‒ 22-28 %. On average, over three years of research, the varieties of spring triticale Dobroye (3.43 t/ha), Savva (3.12 t/ha) and KNIISKH 9 (3.26 t/ha) were characterized by a weak reaction to unfavorable soil moisture conditions and provided consistently high productivity of feed grain. The case of Dobroye variety, the most optimal variant for cultivating spring triticale in a simulated agrophytocenosis with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare when applying N60P30K30 is established. On average for two years of the research the yield of this variety has reached 4.12 t/ha with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare, which is 8 % higher than the control (3 million germinating seeds per hectare) and 22 % higher than in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million pcs/ha.