The Infectious Origin of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

BLANK, M; EISENSTEIN, M; ASHERSON, R; CERVERA, R; SHOENFELD, Y

doi:10.1016/b978-044451271-0/50037-5

Infection and Autoimmunity 2004

DOI: 10.1016/b978-044451271-0/50037-5

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The Infectious Origin of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

M BLANK¹,

M EISENSTEIN²,

R ASHERSON³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Infection-associated APAs usually have anti-cardiolipin activity without b2-GPI cofactor dependency and this type is not associated with thrombotic events. However, some papers reported various infections with serious thrombotic complications that were related to the transient presence of pathogenic APAs (7)(8)(9). Moreover, repeated challenge with the same antigen may have a stimulating effect on the maturation and activation of autoreactive memory B cells (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Tarján

Sipka

Lakos

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Tarján

Sipka

Lakos

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology

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The context of tetanus toxoid application influences the outcome of antigen‐specific and self‐directed humoral immune response

Stojanović

Živković

Inić-Kanada

et al. 2009

Microbiology and Immunology

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Results are presented concerning our attempts to create a suitable model system for studying the connection between microbial antigen (micAg), autoimmunity and autoimmune disease on the basis of hyper-immunization and application of micAg in different contexts. Our research was focused on tetanus toxoid (TTd) as a model micAg. Non-pretreated and complete Freund's adjuvant pretreated BALB/c mice were immunized with high doses of TTd mixed with glycerol or aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants. The main aims of the experiments were to evaluate the properties of induced humoral immune responses, evaluate the pathological potential of induced immune responses and determine possible correlations between the properties of a humoral immune response and its pathological potential. The production of TTd-specific and self-reactive β 2 -glycoprotein I (β 2 -GP I)-specific antibodies (Abs) was detected in all groups but with specific, context-related properties. Analysis of pregnancy-related pathology (anti-β 2 -GP I Abs-associated) showed differences in the pathological potential of the induced immune response. It was demonstrated that severity of pathology is positively correlated to the abundance of IgG that recognizes β 2 -GP I adsorbed onto phosphatidylserine, and to IgG affinity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that molecular mimicry, which results in generation of anti-β 2 -GP I Abs upon TTd immunization, is necessary but not sufficient for the development of pregnancy-related pathology.Key words adjuvant, anti-β 2 -glycoprotein I antibody, tetanus toxoid.Various data that connect exposure to micAg, during infections (1-4) and vaccinations (5-8), to autoAb production have been published in recent years. Among the possible mechanisms that contribute to autoAb generation, the most cited mechanisms are molecular mimicry (9, 10) and polyclonal cell activation (11,12). Available data show that long-term stimulation by micAg is accompanied by augmentation of self-reactivity, but not by obvious induc- tion of autoimmune diseases (13). Hence, we have tried to create a model system for studying the connection between micAg, autoimmunity and autoimmune disease on the basis of hyper-immunization and application of micAg in different contexts.With the intention of creating a suitable model system, we focused our research on TTd, a chemical derivative of tetanus toxin, as a model antigen. As a single protein

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Murine Monoclonal Antibody 26 Raised Against Tetanus Toxoid Cross‐Reacts with β₂‐Glycoprotein I: Its Characteristics and Role in Molecular Mimicry

Inić-Kanada

Stojanović

Živković

et al. 2008

American J Rep Immunol

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The Infectious Origin of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The context of tetanus toxoid application influences the outcome of antigen‐specific and self‐directed humoral immune response

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Murine Monoclonal Antibody 26 Raised Against Tetanus Toxoid Cross‐Reacts with β₂‐Glycoprotein I: Its Characteristics and Role in Molecular Mimicry

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The Infectious Origin of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Influenza vaccination and the production of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The context of tetanus toxoid application influences the outcome of antigen‐specific and self‐directed humoral immune response

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Murine Monoclonal Antibody 26 Raised Against Tetanus Toxoid Cross‐Reacts with β2‐Glycoprotein I: Its Characteristics and Role in Molecular Mimicry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Murine Monoclonal Antibody 26 Raised Against Tetanus Toxoid Cross‐Reacts with β₂‐Glycoprotein I: Its Characteristics and Role in Molecular Mimicry