Antibody response to this new panel of serological markers was associated with complicated disease phenotype, NOD2/CARD15 genotype, and a need for surgery in this eastern European IBD cohort.
Nonresponse to recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen may be a sign of undiagnosed celiac disease. However, there is a good vaccine response in adequately treated patients. Human leukocyte antigen DQ alleles do not seem to have a primary role. Revaccination is recommended during a controlled gluten-free diet.
Tr1 cell numbers were elevated in the peripheral blood and increased numbers of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs were detected in the skin of patients with AD. The epidermal dendritic cell clusters in APT-positive lesional skin showed a close connection to the FOXP3+ Tregs.
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