The individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model (1978–2014): Historical overview of its development and use

Ruiz, Montse C.; Raglin, John S.; Hanin, Yuri L.

doi:10.1080/1612197x.2015.1041545

Cited by 79 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The low relationships suggest that the PBS-ST scale gauges athletes’ functional and dysfunctional states not assessed on the other scales administered in this study. Grounded in the IZOF model [2, 9], the items included in the PBS-ST scale have been found relevant in tapping the athletes’ holistic experience across a wide range of sports [27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rooted in the IZOF model [9, 17], psychobiosocial states have been assessed in a number of studies conducted in the sport context [11, 18–21] and in the physical education setting [22–27]. Previous assessments were typically conducted using a list containing an earlier version of functional and dysfunctional descriptors targeting the psychobiosocial components (modalities) of the individual’s achievement experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Psychobiosocial States in Sport: Initial Validation of a Trait Measure

et al. 2016

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We examined the item characteristics, the factor structure, and the concurrent validity of a trait measure of psychobiosocial states. In Study 1, Italian athletes (N = 342, 228 men, 114 women, Mage = 23.93, SD = 6.64) rated the intensity, the frequency, and the perceived impact dimensions of a psychobiosocial states scale, trait version (PBS-ST), which is composed of 20 items (10 functional and 10 dysfunctional) referring to how they usually felt before an important competition. In Study 2, the scale was cross validated in an independent sample (N = 251, 181 men, 70 women, Mage = 24.35, SD = 7.25). The concurrent validity of the PBS-ST scale scores were also examined in comparison with two sport-specific emotion-related measures and a general measure of affect. Exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis of the data of Study 1 showed that a 2-factor, 15-item solution of the PBS-ST scale (8 functional items and 7 dysfunctional items) reached satisfactory fit indices for the three dimensions (i.e., intensity, frequency, and perceived impact). Results of Study 2 provided evidence of substantial measurement and structural invariance of all dimensions across samples. The low association of the PBS-ST scale with other measures suggests that the scale taps unique constructs. Findings of the two studies offer initial validity evidence for a sport-specific tool to measure psychobiosocial states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Psychobiosocial States in Sport: Initial Validation of a Trait Measure

et al. 2016

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“…Some level of anxiety is known to result in optimum performance in a variety of settings (e.g., Ruiz, Raglin, & Hanin, 2015). Limited research suggests that test anxiety might also serve to facilitate examination performance (e.g., Alpert & Haber, 1960).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Self-Regulated Learning Test Anxiety Scale

Sperling¹,

Reeves²,

Gervais³

et al. 2017

PSYCH

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Four studies report the development and psychometric properties of the new Self-Regulated Learning Test Anxiety Scale (SRLTAS). The measure assesses aspects of test anxiety (TA) from a Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) perspective and provides evidence regarding areas of TA that may be targeted for subsequent learning strategy interventions. Study 1 provided descriptive information, explored the factor structure, and addressed variance in TA across test item formats and student characteristics. Study 2 examined the stability of the SRLTAS and explored initial relations between the SRLTAS and other known TA measures. Study 3 provided confirmatory validity evidence and tested the factor structure in a new sample. Study 4 provided extended validity evidence as SRLTAS scores were examined with other representative SRL scores.

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“…Participants' reports of experiencing a range of emotions (both positive and negative) in association with competition supports previous research outlining the central role of emotions in sport (e.g., "Exploring Sledging and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies in Professional Cricket" by Dais PA et al The Sport Psychologist © 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc. Botterill & Brown, 2002;Jones, 2003). Athletes' varying responses to aggressive behaviour from opponents highlights individual differences in the appraisal and experience of emotion (Lazarus, 2000) and are likely to have implications for performance (Ruiz et al, 2016;Woodman et al, 2009) as well as the implementation of performance enhancement interventions (e.g., IZOF; Hanin, 1997;Ruiz et al, 2017). During the interviews, the cricketers frequently reflected on the emotions they believed were associated with peak performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In consideration of individual differences in the emotion-performance relationship, Hanin's (1997Hanin's ( , 2000 individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model has been one of the most widely used models in the study of the impact of emotions on individual athletes' performance (Robazza, 2006;Ruiz, Raglin, & Hanin, 2017). The IZOF model offers an explanation of optimal and dysfunctional effects of emotions upon performance with consideration of athletes' best and worst performance patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring “Sledging” and Interpersonal Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Professional Cricket

Davis

Wills

et al. 2018

The Sport Psychologist

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The present study examines cricketers' perceptions of emotional interactions between competitors. Semi-structured interviews with twelve male professional cricketers explored experiences (i.e., emotions, cognitions, behaviours) relating to incidents during competition where they or an opponent attempted to evoke an emotional reaction (e.g., sledging). Cricketers described their use of sledging as aggressive actions and verbal interactions with the aim of disrupting concentration and altering the emotional states of opponents. Cricketers described experiencing a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety, anger) in response to opponents' attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation; linguistic analyses indicated that both positive than negative emotions were experienced. A range of strategies in response to competitors' deliberate attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation were outlined. The present study extends previous research investigating interpersonal emotion regulation within teams, by highlighting that professional cricketers are aware of the impact of cognitions and emotions on performance and attempt to negatively influence these factors in competitors.

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The individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model (1978–2014): Historical overview of its development and use

Cited by 79 publications

References 5 publications

Measuring Psychobiosocial States in Sport: Initial Validation of a Trait Measure

Measuring Psychobiosocial States in Sport: Initial Validation of a Trait Measure

Development and Validation of the Self-Regulated Learning Test Anxiety Scale

Exploring “Sledging” and Interpersonal Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Professional Cricket

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