The indigenization of English in Pakistan

Baumgardner, Robert J.

doi:10.1017/s0266078400004545

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…7 7 For acculturation and nativization of Englishes at the linguistic and discoursal levels in various contexts, see e.g. Asmah (2000), Baik (2001), Bamgboe (1998), Baumgardner (1990; 1993), Bolton (2002; 2003), B. Kachru (1983; 1986a, b; 2002; 2005a), Y.…”

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The Karmic cycle of world Englishes: some futuristic constructs

Kachru¹,

Smith²

2009

World Englishes

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It is not easy to look at the current momentum of the worldwide diffusion of English and imagine what the future trends will be by mid-century or even in the next two or three decades. A prudent undertaking is to review briefly the present situation and project what the coming decades hold in view of several developments that are shaping our world. The story of the spread of English and the factors responsible for its diffusion are complex. The spread and functions of world Englishes are still growing; simultaneously, the domains of use of other contenders or languages of wider communication, such as French and Spanish in Africa, Southeast Asia and other parts of the world, are shrinking. As far as various other languages of wider communication are concerned (e.g., Arabic, Chinese, Hindi-Urdu, Spanish), although they are spreading at a fast pace beyond their borders, they are as yet providing no serious challenge to world Englishes. This paper presents a bird's-eye view of the factors responsible for the spread of English, and discusses briefly its impact on local languages. The major focus is on the consequences of the worldwide diffusion of English in terms of nativization and acculturation of the language and emergence of world Englishes. The concern that the global spread of English is hastening language 'decay' and 'death', and the proposals to combat this process by developing world, global, or lingua franca English, are addressed briefly. The contemporary status of world Englishes and the world's major languages are considered in some detail in terms of plausible futuristic constructs.

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The Karmic cycle of world Englishes: some futuristic constructs

Kachru¹,

Smith²

2009

World Englishes

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“…English, as spoken in Pakistan, has been recognized as a different variety of English on various levels of morphology, syntax, phonology, etc. by many scholars (Baumgardner 1990;Baumgardner, Kennedy, & Shamim, 1993;Kennedy, 1993;Tallat, 1993Tallat, , 2002Tallat, , 2003Rehman, 1990). The current study focuses on phonological aspect of the variety and examines the vowels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merger of /i:/ and /I/ in Pakistani English

Bilal¹,

Mahmood²,

Rana³

2011

IJL

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“…These deviations are regarded as errors when they are checked in the dictionary or compared with R.P. Various aspects of Pakistani English have been studied by several researchers (Rehman 1990, Baumgardner 1993, Tallat 2003, Schneider 2004, Mahboob and Ahmar 2004a& 2004b, Anwar 2007 but no systematic, scientific and detailed study of the phonetic and phonology of Pakistani English has yet been attempted. English is, now, an international language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rehman (1990) has described the segmental and non-segmental features of the Pakistani English and highlighted differences at lexical level due to the impacts of Islamic culture and historical experiences of Pakistani culture. Baumgardner (1993) comments that PE is not a standard variety, rather it is in the process of standardisation. Tallat (2003) observes that the changes in lexical structures of PE are due to code-switching and code-mixing of native languages of Pakistan especially of Urdu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Analysis of /?/ and /ð/ Sounds in Pakistani English

Mahmood¹,

Asghar²,

Jabeen³

2011

IES

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This paper aims at discovering the nature and extent of deviation in the articulation of consonants in Pakistani English due to the impact of mother tongue. A detailed experiment has been carried out with the help of Praat to analyze the acoustic properties of /θ/ and /ð/ sounds spoken by Pakistani speakers. The research reveals that Pakistani English has a distinct pronunciation pattern of /θ/ and /ð/ sounds. This research is an attempt to provide a scientific justification to establish Pakistani English as an independent variety.

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The indigenization of English in Pakistan

Abstract: A review of the development and nature of Pakistani English.

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

The Karmic cycle of world Englishes: some futuristic constructs

The Karmic cycle of world Englishes: some futuristic constructs

Merger of /i:/ and /I/ in Pakistani English

Acoustic Analysis of /?/ and /ð/ Sounds in Pakistani English

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