The increasing of Interleukin 6 and Superoxide Dismutase 3 nasal wash in textile industry workers exposed by occupational air pollutant

Abstract

Background: Occupational air pollution exposure in textiles industry which irritates the respiration system triggers the disturbance of the nasal mucosa. IL-6 is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a response for tissue damage. SOD-3 is extracellular enzymes protected the tissue from free radical and chronic inflammation. Objectives: To know if the occupational air pollution affects the increasing of IL-6 and SOD-3 level on nasal wash. Methods: this study used an analytical observational design with cross-sectional method. It was conducted on 40 male workers of garment industry in Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. Divided into two groups: the dyeing and sizing area with 20 workers each group. The workers exposed to the occupational air pollutant for 5 years or more. The aquabidest will be injected to subject's nosetril using the 20cc spuit. The nasal wash's sample on the 1.5ml eppendorf tubes will be examined using ELISA method to determine the IL-6 and SOD-3 level. The occupational air pollution indicators will be measured by Envilab Semarang. Findings : The measurements of direct PM10 and PM2.5 in dyeing and sizing area were higher than the regulatory limit. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 level in dyeing and sizing area (p=0,010). There was no significant difference in the SOD-3 level in dyeing and sizing area (p=0,443). There was a positive, moderate and significant correlation between IL-6 and SOD-3 in dyeing and sizing area (r=0.320). Conclusion: The study concluded that the occupational air pollution especially the PM10 and PM2.5 affects the IL-6 and SOD-3 level in the textile industry workers' nasal wash. There is a significant correlation between the IL-6 and SOD-3 level in textile industry workers at dyeing and sizing area. There is a difference in the IL-6 level in dyeing and sizing area. But there is no significant in the SOD-3 level in dyeing and sizing area. The higher occupational air pollution inhaled will be compensated with the higher expression of IL-6 and SOD-3. The higher exposure of PM2.5 in the dyeing area results in the higher level of IL-6 and SOD-3.

Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal-mask Better than Regular Cloth-mask in Decreasing Nasal Mucociliary Transport-Time of Textile Industry Workers

“…vi The previous research showed an inconsistent effect on nasal mucociliary transport-time exposure by wood-dust, outdoor inhalation of gas/fuel station workers and iron-dust, 3,5,6 however, it was strong evidence that occupational air pollutants surrounding the indoor dyeing sector of the textile industry increased Il-6 and SOD3. 4 It was suggested that inflammation and stress oxidative effect might also change the nasal-cilia function and prolonged the nasal mucociliary transport time.…”

Nephrolepis exaltata - Hibiscus rosa-sinensis combination herbal mask decreases levels of reactive oxygen species in nasal wash

“…Similar studies also show that NE herbal masks work actively in suppressing high free ROS and result in decreased superoxide dismutase 3 SOD3, leading to an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. (5) An experimental study showed that the NE herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function in textile workers compared to the regular mask. (6) The ethanol extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis (HRS) contains flavonoids, saponins and steroids and might be responsible for significant inhibition of inflammation, which may involve inhibition of prostaglandins, (7) as well as blocking of the oxidative stress.…”