The increasing exposure of cities to the effects of volcanic eruptions: a global survey

Chester, David K.; Degg, Martin; Duncan, A. M.; Guest, J. E.

doi:10.1016/s1464-2867(01)00004-3

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Por otra parte, los daños materiales asociados a erupciones volcánicas en Chile no han sido sistemáticamente evaluados. Al menos sobre la base de los casos más recientes (Hudson, 1991;Chaitén, 2008;Cordón Caulle, 2011), puede establecerse que el impacto sobre la agricultura, ganadería, turismo, energía y otros sectores productivos es importante y creciente en el tiempo por cuanto el desarrollo aumenta la exposición y, consecuentemente, el riesgo (e.g., Chester et al 2000).…”

Section: Discusión: Perspectivas Multidisciplinariasunclassified

Peligro y riesgo específico asociado al volcán Chaitén: perspectiva geológica de la vulnerabilidad en el entorno de un volcán activo

Lara

Calderón

2015

Magallania

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Section: Discusión: Perspectivas Multidisciplinariasunclassified

Peligro y riesgo específico asociado al volcán Chaitén: perspectiva geológica de la vulnerabilidad en el entorno de un volcán activo

Lara

Calderón

2015

Magallania

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“…Jö kulhlaups and lahars occur worldwide and constitute a serious threat to life, property and infrastructure (Haeberli, 1983;Costa and Schuster, 1988;Haeberli et al, 1989;Bjö rnsson, 1992Bjö rnsson, , 2002Evans and Clague, 1993;Richardson and Reynolds, 2000;Chester et al, 2001). With climate change causing extreme weather and increased glacial melt (IPCC, 2001), it is not unreasonable to suggest that high-magnitude outburst floods will increase in frequency, and perhaps also in magnitude.…”

Section: Introduction and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

GPR-Derived Sedimentary Architecture and Stratigraphy of Outburst Flood Sedimentation Within a Bedrock Valley System, Hraundalur, Iceland

Carrivick

Pringle

Russell

et al. 2007

JEEG

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Jö kulhlaups and lahars are both types of outburst flood that commonly comprise a glacial meltwater and volcaniclastic sediment mix, and have discharges that are typically several orders of magnitude greater than perennial flows. Both types thus constitute a serious threat to life, property and infrastructure but are too powerful and too short-lived for direct measurements of flow characteristics to be made. Consequently a variety of indirect methods have been used to reconstruct flow properties, processes and mechanisms. Unfortunately, limited observations of sedimentary architecture and stratigraphic relationships are hampering our ability to discriminate fluvial magnitude-frequency regimes and fluvial styles of deposition, particularly those produced by rapidly-varied flows. This paper therefore uses Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to obtain quantitative data on subsurface sedimentary character of high-magnitude outburst flood sediments, including architecture and stratigraphy, from a bedrock-valley system in north-central Iceland. Basement pillow lava and subaerial lava flows are characterised by chaotic and hummocky GPR reflectors with a lack of coherent structure. They also feature an upper rough surface as evidenced by concentration of hyperbolae point sources. Unconsolidated sedimentary units are interpreted due to occur where laterally-persistent horizontal and sub horizontal reflectors occur. Deposition produced spatially diverse sediments due to rapidlyvaried flow conditions. Observations include prograding and backfilling architecture, intercalated slope material and fluvial sediments, and multiphase sedimentary deposition. We suggest that these outburst flood sediments were initially deposited by traction load of coarsegrained material on prograding bedforms, and subsequently by drop-out from suspension of finer-grained material. The latter phase produced laterally extensive tabular sedimentary architectures that in-filled pre-existing topography and masked the complexity of bedrock forms beneath. Existing qualitative concepts of high-magnitude fluvial deposition within a topographically confined bedrock channel are therefore now refined with quantitative data on sediment architecture and thus on flow regimes.

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“…Today, about 500 million people worldwide live in volcanic regions with the distance is less than 100 km (Chester et al, 2000;Small and Naumann, 2001). The most frequent volcanic disasters hit the poor and gender minorities, the disabled, the elderly, and people do not have access to resources and means of protection (Balgos, Gaillard and Sanz, 2012; Mei and Lavigne, 2012; Mei et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing the Social Economic and Physical Vulnerabilities to Gamalama Volcano

Mei¹,

Sari²,

Fajarwati³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the LST International Cohference on Geography and Education (ICGE 2016)

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Abstract-Gamalama Volcano is stratovolcano located in Ternate Island. Gamalama has been intermittently active for many decades and the biggest eruption history happened in 1775 which killed about 141 people and destroyed some villages around the volcano. As a main city, Ternate has more complete facilities and good accessibility, better than other islands. From demographic perspective, Ternate has a high population density living in the flanks of Gamalama Volcano, especially in the east and south part. Since Ternate has limited natural resources, it creates a high dependence to other islands. The aims of this research is to assess social-economic and physical vulnerability towards volcanic hazards of Gamalama Volcano. Secondary data from Potensi Desa combined with field observations were used in this research. We used Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) for analyzing the vulnerabilities. The results of total vulnerability map analysis show that the high vulnerable areas are mostly located in the western part of the Island which is match with two other vulnerabilities map which are economic and social vulnerability.

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The increasing exposure of cities to the effects of volcanic eruptions: a global survey

Cited by 62 publications

References 34 publications

Peligro y riesgo específico asociado al volcán Chaitén: perspectiva geológica de la vulnerabilidad en el entorno de un volcán activo

Peligro y riesgo específico asociado al volcán Chaitén: perspectiva geológica de la vulnerabilidad en el entorno de un volcán activo

GPR-Derived Sedimentary Architecture and Stratigraphy of Outburst Flood Sedimentation Within a Bedrock Valley System, Hraundalur, Iceland

Assessing the Social Economic and Physical Vulnerabilities to Gamalama Volcano

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