The incorporation of P<sup>32</sup> into the nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins of the developing sea urchin embryo

Villee, Claude A.; Lowens, M.; Gordon, Milton P.; Leonard, Edward P.; Rich, A.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030330108

Cited by 55 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ratios less than unity have already been recorded by Davidson (1947). In the sea-urchin embryo Villee, Lowens, Gordon, Leonard & Rich (1949), using 382p, and Abrams (1951), using [14C]glycine, have shown that the specific activity of DNA is much higher than that of RNA, without distinguishing the intracellular location of the RNA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Smellie

McIndoe

Logan

et al. 1953

Biochemical Journal

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In part 3 of this series (Davidson & Smellie, 1952b) a method was described for the accurate determination of the specific activities of the individual ribonucleotides of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the tissues of animals which had received radioactive phosphorus. This method has now been applied to ,he RNA of cell nuclei and of the various morphoogical fractions of the cell cytoplasm. Preliminary aotes on this work have already been published (Davidson, McIndoe, & Smellie, 1951; Smellie & McIlndoe, 1952) and a full account is given here. METHODS

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Smellie

McIndoe

Logan

et al. 1953

Biochemical Journal

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“…Now the consensus of the findings is what one might expect, that the chromosomal DNA increases paripassu with the number of cells( Schmidt, Hecht & Thannhauser, 1947-48;Villee et al 1949;Abrams, 1951; Elson & Chargaff, 1952; Elson, Gustafson & Chargaff, 1954; Hoff- Jsrgensen, 1951-52; Hoff-Jsrgensen & Zeuthen, 1952; Dalcq, 1957; Moore, 1959; Now the consensus of the findings is what one might expect, that the chromosomal DNA increases paripassu with the number of cells( Schmidt, Hecht & Thannhauser, 1947-48;Villee et al 1949;Abrams, 1951; Elson & Chargaff, 1952; Elson, Gustafson & Chargaff, 1954; Hoff- Jsrgensen, 1951-52; Hoff-Jsrgensen & Zeuthen, 1952; Dalcq, 1957; Moore, 1959; …”

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confidence: 96%

Early Development of the Echinoid Egg Compared With Erythropoiesis*

Borsook

1966

Biological Reviews

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Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of such animals as adult normal man, rabbit and rat is essentially the same. It is a serial devolution of five or six sorts of nucleated and two non-nucleated cells; the last is the erythrocyte. In the third or fourth nucleated cell in the series the rapid and main synthesis of haemoglobin begins (Thorell, 1947);it is an example of differentiation at the chemical level. Whether there is any haemoglobin synthesis earlier is an unsettled question (discussed below).The formation of haemoglobin is a terminal differentiation in that the definitive end product-haemoglobin-persists.Concomitant with and following the decline in haemoglobin synthesis, the nucleus loses its structure, is pyknotic when stained, and eventually disappears (degraded, extruded or both). DNA and RNA disappear (Holloway

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“…It is known that the process of cellular division is controlled by the nucleus and that it involves considerable synthesis of desoxyribonucleic acid (16). Irradiation of the nucleus of the sea urchin eggs with x-ray doses above 3,000 r produces a delay in the rate of cleavage, whereas irradiation of the enucleated cells has no effect (17,18).…”

Section: Mercaptlde-formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ionizing Radiations

Barrón

Seki

1952

Journal of General Physiology

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Important biological effects of small doses of ionizing radiations are inhibition of cell division (1), and oxidation of --S H groups, as shown by the reversible inhibition of --S H enzymes (2, 3), and by the high ionic yield on oxidation of glutathione and dithiols produced by ionizing radiations (4).Living ceils possess two kinds of thiol groups: non-protein thiol groups, such as glutathione and cysteine; and fixed thiol groups, such as those attached to the side chains of proteins. The first act as regulators of cellular metabolism and are necessary for cell division and growth; the second are essential for the activity of a large number of enzymes ( t h e --S H enzymes), and for other functions as well (5). Thiol reagents may produce, therefore, opposite effects depending on whether the first or the second group is destroyed. It seems that the non-protein thiol groups are more easily attacked. In fact, small amounts of thiol reagents increase cellular respiration and inhibit cell division, whereas large concentrations inhibit cell respiration. The first effect seems to be due to destruction of the non-protein thiol groups, whereas the second effect is due to destruction of the --S H enzymes (6).If the sulfhydryl theory of ionizing radiations postulated by us several years ago (reports of the Metallurgical Laboratory partially published in 1946 (7)) is correct, it would be possible to find on irradiation of cells the same effects as those found with the thiol reagents: inhibition of respiration on irradiation with large doses of x-rays, and increase of respiration on irradiation with small doses. The experiments presented in this paper favor this contention. Small doses of x-ray irradiation of the eggs and sperm of sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) increased their respiration, whereas large doses inhibited it. Inhibition of cell division was found on irradiation with doses of x-rays small enough to give an increase of respiration. Thus x-rays produced effects similar to those observed with thiol reagents. EXPE]~ I~.NTAL

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The incorporation of P³² into the nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins of the developing sea urchin embryo

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Early Development of the Echinoid Egg Compared With Erythropoiesis*

Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ionizing Radiations

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The incorporation of P32 into the nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins of the developing sea urchin embryo

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Phosphorus compounds in the cell. 4. The incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into liver cell fractions

Early Development of the Echinoid Egg Compared With Erythropoiesis*

Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ionizing Radiations

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The incorporation of P³² into the nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins of the developing sea urchin embryo