The inclusion of herd-year-season by sire interaction in the estimation of genetic parameters in Bonsmara cattle

Neser, F.W.C.; Konstantinov, K. V.; Erasmus, G.J.

doi:10.4314/sajas.v26i3.44322

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(13 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study clearly demonstrates the importance of including a sire 3 contemporary group interaction when modelling G 3 E interactions or undertaking genetic evaluations. Similar findings were reported by Neser et al (1996 and and Nephawe et al (1999) in Bonsmara cattle in South Africa. Nephawe et al (1999) examined the possible interactions between sire and four ecological regions using birth and weaning weight records of 43 628 calves from 18 herds.…”

Section: G 3 E Interactionssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the results also confirmed that the interaction between sire and contemporary group was more important than between sire and any designated region. The separate studies of Neser et al (1996 and reinforce the importance of considering both permanent maternal environment and herd-year-season by sire interactions in evaluation of G 3 E interactions. The authors concluded that excluding herd-year-season 3 sire interaction could lead to a serious overestimation of the direct additive components of growth, with the same applying for permanent maternal environment, which if excluded could lead to a serious overestimation of maternal components of growth.…”

Section: G 3 E Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Burrow

2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines the relative importance of productive and adaptive traits in beef breeding systems based on Bos taurus and tropically adapted breeds across temperate and (sub)tropical environments. In the (sub)tropics, differences that exist between breeds in temperate environments are masked by the effects of environmental stressors. Hence in tropical environments, breeds are best categorised into breed types to compare their performance across environments. Because of the presence of environmental stressors, there are more sources of genetic variation in tropical breeding programmes. It is therefore necessary to examine the genetic basis of productive and adaptive traits for breeding programmes in those environments. This paper reviews the heritabilities and genetic relationships between economically important productive and adaptive traits relevant to (sub)tropical breeding programmes. It is concluded that it is possible to simultaneously genetically improve productive and adaptive traits in tropically adapted breeds of beef cattle grazed in tropical environments without serious detrimental consequences for either adaptation or production. However, breed-specific parameters are required for genetic evaluations. The paper also reviews the magnitude of genotype 3 environment (G 3 E) interactions impacting on production and adaptation of cattle, where 'genotype' is defined as breed (within a crossbreeding system), sire within breed (in a within-breed selection programme) or associations between economically important traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs -within a marker-assisted selection programme). It is concluded that re-ranking of breeds across environments is best managed by the use of the breed type(s) best suited to the particular production environment. Re-ranking of sires across environments is apparent in poorly adapted breed types across extreme tropical and temperate environments or where breeding animals are selected in a temperate environment for use in the (sub)tropics. However, G 3 E interactions are unlikely to be of major importance in tropically adapted beef cattle grazed in either temperate or (sub)tropical environments, although sex 3 environment interactions may provide new opportunities for differentially selecting to simultaneously improve steer performance in benign environments and female performance in harsher environments. Early evidence suggests that re-ranking of SNPs occurs across temperate and tropical environments, although their magnitude is still to be confirmed in well-designed experiments. The major limitation to genetic improvement of beef cattle over the next decade is likely to be a deficiency of large numbers of accurately recorded phenotypes for most productive and adaptive traits and, in particular, for difficult-to-measure adaptive traits such as resistance to disease and environmental stressors.

show abstract

Section: G 3 E Interactionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: G 3 E Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Burrow

2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The greater relative importance of S × CG during the subsequent phase of life of the animal might be explained by cumulative environmental effects on animal performance. These results agree with those reported by Bradfield et al (1997) for WW of Santa Gertrudis cattle (10% to 13%), by Nephawe et al (1999) for WW of Bonsmara cattle (6% to 14%) and by Neser et al (1996) for WW of Bonsmara cattle (8%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…No important changes in maternal permanent environmental variance as proportion of phenotypic variance were observed when S × CG was included in the model for BW and WW. The same was reported by Neser et al (1996).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…On the other hand, G × E might be seen as a commercial opportunity for breeders and producers as, in fact, there are animals that are more or less adequate to be raised or to produce offspring in specific environments. Therefore, G × E has encouraged a number of studies involving beef cattle worldwide (Bertrand et al, 1987;Neser et al, 1996;Burrow, 2012). This is not different in Brazil, whose territory is the fifth largest in the world and is located in the (sub)tropical zone of the planet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genotype by production environment interaction for birth and weaning weights in a population of composite beef cattle

Júnior

Eler

Bignardi

et al. 2014

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the importance of genotype × production environment interaction for the genetic evaluation of birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) in a population of composite beef cattle in Brazil, and (2) to investigate the importance of sire × contemporary group interaction (S × CG) to model G × E and improve the accuracy of prediction in routine genetic evaluations of this population. Analyses were performed with one, two (favorable and unfavorable) or three (favorable, intermediate, unfavorable) different definitions of production environments. Thus, BW and WW records of animals in a favorable environment were assigned to either trait 1, in an intermediate environment to trait 2 or in an unfavorable environment to trait 3. The (co)variance components were estimated using Gibbs sampling in single-, bi-or three-trait animal models according to the definition of number of production environments. In general, the estimates of genetic parameters for BW and WW were similar between environments. The additive genetic correlations between production environments were close to unity for BW; however, when examining the highest posterior density intervals, the correlation between favorable and unfavorable environments reached a value of only 0.70, a fact that may lead to changes in the ranking of sires across environments. The posterior mean genetic correlation between direct effects was 0.63 in favorable and unfavorable environments for WW. When S × CG was included in two-or three-trait analyses, all direct genetic correlations were close to unity, suggesting that there was no evidence of a genotype × production environment interaction. Furthermore, the model including S × CG contributed to prevent overestimation of the accuracy of breeding values of sires, provided a lower error of prediction for both direct and maternal breeding values, lower squared bias, residual variance and deviance information criterion than the model omitting S × CG. Thus, the model that included S × CG can therefore be considered the best model on the basis of these criteria. The genotype × production environment interaction should not be neglected in the genetic evaluation of BW and WW in the present population of beef cattle. The inclusion of S × CG in the model is a feasible and plausible alternative to model the effects of G × E in the genetic evaluations.

show abstract

Influence of Year and Season on Milk Productivity of Cows

Polupan

Bazyshyna

Pochukalin

et al. 2022

Anim. Breed. and Genet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Numerous studies of domestic scientists testify to the sometimes significant, but multidirectional influence of the year and season of calving and birth on the formation of milk productivity and other economically useful traits. In our previous studies, it was established that at the population level, among the mentioned environmental factors, the most significant influence on the phenotypic variability of the milk productivity of first-calf heifers is caused by the herd (15–22%), the year of the first calving (4.7–12%) and birth (4.2–12%), the lowest is the season of birth (0.05–0.2%) and calving (1.5–2.1%). A number of other researchers report a higher influence of the herd and the year and a smaller one of the calving season and especially the birth on the milk productivity of first-calf heifers. In our opinion, the phenotypic manifestation of signs of milk productivity in different herds is influenced by different levels of breeding and feeding, technological solutions of cow keeping and milking systems. Research materials and methods. The research was carried out on farms breeding Ukrainian Red dairy cattle of LLC "Nova Niva" of the Donetsk region. The materials of the electronic information database in the DCMS ORSEK format as of October 11, 2021 were used. In controlled animals, the intensity of growth of live weight by growing periods up to one and a half years of age, live weight at 18 months, age of first calving, length of the service period, coefficient of reproductive ability between the first and second carvings, fertility and output of milk fat and protein for the first 305 days three and higher lactation. Research results. On average, during the entire accounting period, the level of rearing of heifers up to a year ensured average daily gains in live weight at the level of almost 600 g, and at the age of 12 to 18 months – more than 550 g. Thus, the live weight of heifers and heifers at the age of one and a half practically met the standard of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The age of the first calving reached almost 27.9 months, which corresponded to the optimal recommendations at the time of the research (27 months). In general, the first-calf heifers under control were characterized by a relatively low reproductive ability. The duration of the service period is 72 days or 90% longer than the optimum (80 days). Univariate variance analysis established an almost equal share of the influence of the year of birth and calving factors on the studied characteristics of cows. The year of birth determines from 12.6 to 68.6% of the total phenotypic variability, the year of the first calving – from 12.5 to 70.4% with a high degree of significance. The year factor has a 1.5–2 times greater influence on live weight gains of heifers up to a year old than at the age of 12–18 months. The influence of the year of birth is 10% greater than that of the year of the first calving. The factor of the season of birth (0.1–2.3%) and calving (0.2–2.7) exerts a much smaller influence on the variability of the investigated traits. The influence of seasonal environmental factors on the growth of live weight of heifers and the age of first calving turned out to be somewhat higher. On the signs of milk productivity, seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions show a low, but reliable influence only during the first lactation. During the second and older lactations, this effect is practically leveled off to an unreliable level of statistical significance. In most cases, intergroup differentiation was higher between years of birth than between years of first calving. In our opinion, this is caused by a higher impact on the productivity of different levels of cultivation in chronologically and naturally climatically different economic years, than a more stable level of feeding dairy cows over the years. Correlation analysis established a direct and reliable relationship between the delivery of first-calf heifer and the average daily increase in live weight of heifers from birth to three months at the level of 39.3 ± 1.51% (P < 0.001), from three to six months – 14.4 ± 1.63% (P < 0.001), from six months to a year – 31.4 ± 1.56% (P < 0.001) and from 12 to 18 months – 22.4 ± 1.60%, which confirms our assumptions. Undoubtedly, the increase in the intensity of growth and milk productivity of cattle cannot be caused only by the improvement of technological and economic conditions. A significant share is accounted for by the genetic improvement of the herd, in particular, the increase in conditional blood of cows introduced into the herd of the improving Holstein breed from 25.3 to 87.5%. In terms of growth intensity, heifers of the autumn birth season had an advantage, which in terms of live weight exceeded the counterparts of the spring season by 22 ± 2.4 kg or by 6.4% (P < 0.001). This resulted in a younger age at first calving (by 49 ± 5.6 days or 5.9%, P < 0.001). According to the season of the first calving, cows that calved in the summer had a slight advantage in terms of live weight at the age of one and a half years, which exceeded the analogues of the spring calving season by 22 ± 2.6 kg or by 6.3% according to P < 0.001. The animals of the winter calving season were characterized by a younger age at first calving (by 42 ± 5.9 days or by 5.0% at P < 0.001 compared to first-calf heifers of spring calving). Cows of the autumn season of the first calving were distinguished by better milk yield and higher lactation, which exceeded spring calving animals by 203 ± 57.5 kg or 3.0% (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The year of birth determines from 12.6 to 68.6% of the total phenotypic variability of the intensity of growth, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows, the year of the first calving – from 12.5 to 70.4% with a high degree of significance (P < 0.001). The factor of the season of birth (0.1–2.3%) and calving (0.2–2.7%) has a much smaller influence on the variability of the investigated traits. The influence of seasonal environmental factors on the growth of live weight of heifers and the age of first calving turned out to be somewhat higher. The comparison of group averages confirmed the significantly smaller influence of the seasonal factor on the development and productivity of cows compared to the year of birth and first calving, established by variance analysis.

show abstract

The inclusion of herd-year-season by sire interaction in the estimation of genetic parameters in Bonsmara cattle

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Genotype by production environment interaction for birth and weaning weights in a population of composite beef cattle

Influence of Year and Season on Milk Productivity of Cows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About