The incidence of late recurrence (greater than 10 years); an analysis of 536 consecutive cases of cutaneous melanoma

Callaway, Mark; Briggs, James C.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(89)90111-2

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Clinical evidence supporting the existence of the equilibrium phase of immunoediting is provided by a number of findings (53,69,(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75). First, the existence of an immune response to premalignant MGUS cells that eventually progress to MM is consistent with the equilibrium phase, with the immune system controlling, but not eliminating, MGUS cells that eventually evolve and progress to malignancy (53).…”

Section: Evidence For Cancer Immunoediting In Humansmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Clinical evidence suggests that tumors can remain dormant in patients for many years, and cases of relapse after long periods (at least 10 years) of tumor remission have been noted (71)(72)(73), making immune control with subsequent escape an intriguing possibility in these cases. In a similar vein, cases of transmission of tumors from organ donor to recipient have also been noted (74,75).…”

Section: Evidence For Cancer Immunoediting In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune surveillance of tumors

Swann

Smyth²

2007

J. Clin. Invest.

1,280

949

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The ability of the immune system to identify and destroy nascent tumors, and to thereby function as a primary defense against cancer, has been debated for many decades. Recent findings by a number of investigators in both mouse models of cancer and humans with cancer now offer compelling evidence that particular immune cell types, effector molecules, and pathways can sometimes collectively function as extrinsic tumor suppressor mechanisms. This work provides the basis for further study of natural immunity to cancer and for rational use of this information in the design of immunotherapies in combination with other conventional cancer treatments.

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Section: Evidence For Cancer Immunoediting In Humansmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Evidence For Cancer Immunoediting In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune surveillance of tumors

Swann

Smyth²

2007

J. Clin. Invest.

1,280

949

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“…Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer spä-ten Progression nach 10 und mehr Jahren erscheinungsfreiem Intervall wird je nach Größe und Zusammensetzung des untersuchten Kollektivs und der Dauer der Nachbeobachtung mit 0,84-7% angegeben [4,7,15,19,24,36,42]. Aus der Reihe fällt der sehr hohe Anteil von 25% bei Crowley et al (1990).…”

Section: Malignant Melanoma · Late Metastasesunclassified

“…Einige Autoren vermuten, meist auf Grund von Einzelfallinterpretationen [4,7,20,30], daß Frauen häufiger Spät-metastasen entwickeln als Männer. Als zusätzlicher Einflußfaktor wurde die Prämenopause diskutiert [4,30].…”

Section: Malignant Melanoma · Late Metastasesunclassified

“…Die mittlere Tumordicke aller Patienten mit mehr als 10jährigem erscheinungsfreien VerDie Nachsorge nach Behandlung maligner Melanome erstreckt sich übli-cherweise über 10 Jahre. Daß auch nach dieser Zeit bei bis dahin erscheinungsfrei gebliebenen Patienten ein geringes Restrückfallrisiko besteht, ist aus Einzelbeobachtungen und einigen frühe-ren Untersuchungen bekannt [4,7,9,16,22,36,40]. Im folgenden soll versucht werden, dieses Risiko anhand eines relativ großen einheitlich untersuchten Materials weiter einzugrenzen.…”

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Melanomerstmetastasen nach 10 und mehr Jahren Erscheinungsfreiheit

1997

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36 (3.5%) of 1015 patients who had ten or more years of follow-up after treatment of invasive malignant melanomas (stage I and II, UICC 1978) in Hornheide 1967-1984 developed late metastases. The mean disease-free interval was 12.5 years. These patients were younger (mean age of 45.8 years) compared to the age of all melanoma patients at the time of primary therapy. The rate of late relapses was 2.8% in women (20/705) and 5% in men (16/310). In melanomas located on the trunk or on the legs in male individuals, the relapse was twice as high as in females. The median tumor thickness in patients with late progression was 1.5 mm; in patients without relapse 1.2 mm. The well known association of tumor thickness with the risk of metastases disappeared after a 10 years disease-free interval. The frequency of metastases (3.5%) did not vary in different thickness classes from 0.76 mm to 3 mm or more. Melanomas with a Breslow thickness < 0.75 mm had a risk of only 1.4%. 23 patients (64%) developed distant, only 13 (36%) regional late metastases as first evidence of recurrent disease. The survival of these patients correlated neither to the duration of previous relapse-free follow up, nor to site of the primary lesion nor to sex. It correlated only to the site of metastases: 83% of all patients with distant late metastases had a remaining life time of 14 months or less, but patients with regional metastases survived more than 7 years in 69% of the cases. We have been unable to define risk factors for late metastases.

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