The Incidence of Goitre During Pregnancy

Crooks, J.; Aboul-Khair, S. A.; Turnbull, A. C.; Hytten, F. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)90277-6

Cited by 46 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the hyperthyroidism of all 12 infants in this study remitted by three months. However, the diagnosis of mild thyroid overactivity may be difficult during pregnancy as the results of relevant biochemical tests are affected by normal pregnancy (Crooks et al, 1964). Hollingsworth and Mabry (1975) report of only 74 cases of neonatal hyperthyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The syndrome is life-threatening (Maisey and Stimmler, 1972) and its prenatal prediction is difficult unless the mother is first diagnosed as having Graves's disease during pregnancy; in our study nearly half the patients gave birth t o affected infants. However, the diagnosis of mild thyroid overactivity may be difficult during pregnancy as the results of relevant biochemical tests are affected by normal pregnancy (Crooks et al, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins of Graves's Disease in Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis

Munro

Dirmikis

Humphries

et al. 1978

BJOG

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Summary Graves's disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism, a diffuse, uniform enlargement of the thyroid gland and marked eye signs. It is now widely believed that the thyroid overactivity of Graves's disease is a result of the presence in the circulation of abnormal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIg). TSIg are transferred from mother to fetus and cause neonatal thyrotoxicosis in around 1 per cent of babies born to mothers who have a history of Graves's disease. Because TSIg may persist in the maternal circulation after successful treatment of Graves's disease by partial thyroidectomy, neonatal thyrotoxicosis may occur in babies born to mothers who have been euthyroid throughout pregnancy. In our study, 9 of 12 examples of neonatal thyrotoxicosis encountered in 96 pregnancies occurred in babies born to mothers who were thought to be thyrotoxic at some stage during the pregnancy. Two main categories of TSIg are recognized: the long‐acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and LATS‐protector (LATS‐P) both of which were assayed in maternal serum samples withdrawn during the third trimester. Levels in maternal and cord blood were similar. The critical level of TSIg causing neonatal thyrotoxicosis appeared to be 10 units/ml and above 20 units/ml the babies were always thyrotoxic at birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins of Graves's Disease in Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis

Munro

Dirmikis

Humphries

et al. 1978

BJOG

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“…This was a feature of the survey in the Sudan by Kambal (1968) and suggests, because there is no proof, that female hormones are goitrogenic or that male hormones are antigoitrogenic. Certainly during pregnancy the thyroid increases in size and there is a rise in iodine losses in the urine (Aboul-Khair, Crooks, Turnbull, and Hytten, 1964). Whether cyclical changes of this nature apply in lesser degree but over intervals of many years in menstruating women and ultimately lead to permanent thyroid enlargement has not been proved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of endemic goitre in Sudan

Greig

Gray

McGirr

et al. 1970

Journal of British Surgery

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The total prevalence of goitre in people from the Khartoum area is 12.6 per cent and 0.6 per cent have large goitres; the total prevalence in West Sudan (Darfur Province) is 57.5 per cent and 1 8 5 per cent have large goitres. The plasma inorganic iodide concentration (PII), the thyroid uptake (150 minutes) of radioactive iodine, and the serum protein-bound radio-iodine (PB 1311 at 150 minutes and at 48 hours) have been measured in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects from the Khartoum area and Darfur Province. The PII's are low in both areas but lower in Darfur; the mean thyroid uptake is high in both areas but higher in Darfur. The mean PB lalI is low in Khartoum but very high in Darfur.These results are taken to indicate that the major cause of endemic goitre in Sudan is iodine deficiency, and in Darfur Province where large goitre is a public health and surgical problem the iodine deficiency appears to be very severe. I t is concluded that the iodine deficiency is dietary, and, if corrected, the high prevalence of large goitre in Sudan should be decreased.

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“…Because of the relatively high inter-observer error, one physician made all the observations used in this study. Similar observer differences have been noted in assessing cyanosis (Comroe and Botelho, 1947), joint inflammation (O'Sullivan, Cathcart, and Bolzan, 1968; Ritchie and others, 1968), goitre size (Crooks, Aboul-Khair, Turnbull, and Hytten, 1964), physical signs in the chest (Fletcher, 1952;Schilling, Hughes, and Dingwall-Fordyce, 1955;Fletcher and Oldham, 1964), neuro-29) logical signs (Kuzma, Tourtellotte, and Remington, 1965), chest x-rays (Birkelo, Chamberlain, Phelps, Schools, Zacks, and Yerushalmy, 1947), x rays of the hands in rheumatoid arthritis (Kellgren, 1956), and electrocardiograms (Davies, 1958). The finding of palmar erythema in rheumatoid arthritis is somewhat dubious, for no significant difference was noted in the prevalence of palmar erythema (of all grades) in female rheumatoid arthritic patients and in controls matched for age and sex (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%