The Incidence of Facial Injuries From Dog Bites

Karlson, Trudy A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340480047026

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…20 The actual incidence of facial fractures relating to dog attacks is currently unknown. Schalamon et al, 1 Karlson, 3 and Palmer and Rees 16 documented no maxillofacial fractures in their review of facial dog bite injuries, and Tu et al 20 suggested that facial fractures may occur in less than 5% of dog attack incidents. 131620 When a maxillofacial fracture is encountered, the most frequent bones to be fractured are the orbital, nasal, and maxillary bones, constituting 78% of the documented dog bite facial fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schalamon et al, 1 Karlson, 3 and Palmer and Rees 16 documented no maxillofacial fractures in their review of facial dog bite injuries, and Tu et al 20 suggested that facial fractures may occur in less than 5% of dog attack incidents. 131620 When a maxillofacial fracture is encountered, the most frequent bones to be fractured are the orbital, nasal, and maxillary bones, constituting 78% of the documented dog bite facial fractures. 2021 The mechanism of injury in cases of maxillofacial fracture is thought to be the consequence of the mandible (or involved bone) being physically held by the dogs jaws, which is capable of delivering immense force to the area of bone contacted by the dog’s teeth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Bite Injuries in Children: Review of Literature and Case Series

Agrawal

Kumar²,

Singhal³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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IntroductionMaxillofacial region in children is particularly vulnerable to animal bite injuries. These injuries may range from insignificant scratches to life-threatening neck and facial injuries. Children are the common victims, particularly of dog bites.Materials and methodsThree cases of animal bite injuries in children with their clinical presentation and their management are being presented along with review of literature. Surgical management included cleansing and primary closure of the wound. Rabies and tetanus prophylaxis were given.DiscussionThe most common site of injury was the face. For the facial injuries, the most frequently affected area was the middle third (55%), also called as the “central target area.” The small stature of children, the disproportionate size of the head relative to the body, their willingness to bring their faces close to the animal, and limited motor skills to provide defense are believed to account for this. The resulting soft-tissue injuries can vary in relation to their extent. Treatment involved initial surgical exploration, and secondary repair later depending on the severity of the injury.ConclusionPrompt assessment and treatment can prevent most bite wound complications. Early management of such injuries usually guarantees satisfactory outcome. Prevention strategies include close supervision of child-dog interactions, better reporting of bites, etc.How to cite this articleAgrawal A, Kumar P, Singhal R, Singh V, Bhagol A. Animal Bite Injuries in Children: Review of Literature and Case Series. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):67-72.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Bite Injuries in Children: Review of Literature and Case Series

Agrawal

Kumar²,

Singhal³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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“…The incidence of dog-bite injuries in children below the age of fifteen is thought to be 22 in 1000 every year [2]. Similar high incidences have also been reported by Karlson [3] and Shaikh and Worrall[4], who documented dog bites as the cause of facial injury in 27.4% of children under the age of seven years old [3, 4]. The reason for these high occurrences in young children has been attributed to lack of awareness of the potential danger from animals and the closer proximity children have to dogs as a result of their stature [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The actual incidence of facial fractures relating to dog attacks is currently unknown. Schalamon et al [14], Karlson [3], and Palmer and Rees [9] documented no maxillofacial fractures in their review of facial dog-bite injuries, and Tu et al [13] suggested that facial fractures may occur in less than 5% of dog attack incidents [3, 9, 13, 14]. When a maxillofacial fracture is encountered, the most frequent bones to be fractured are the orbital, nasal, and maxillary bones, constituting 78% of the documented dog-bite facial fractures [13, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular Fracture in a Child Resulting from a Dog Attack: A Case Report

Cottom

Tuopar

Ameerally

2011

Case Reports in Dentistry

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Dog attacks are extremely frequent and are thought to be responsible for an average of 250,000 minor injuries and emergency unit attendances each year. Children in particular are more likely to experience dog-bite injuries with 5–9-year olds most susceptible. The majority of injuries are to the head region, with the lips, cheeks, and nose often affected. Most injuries experienced are confined to the soft tissues; nevertheless, maxillofacial fracture is a potential albeit rare complication. The incidence of facial fractures in relation to dog bites is unknown; however, some have estimated that facial fractures could occur in 5% of dog attacks. However mandibular fracture following a dog bite is extremely rare, with review of the literature only identifying three cases. We present a further case in which a five-year-old sustained numerous soft-tissue lacerations to the face and hand, together with fracture of the mandibular symphysis following a dog attack. The fracture was successfully repaired using open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plates and screws. The case emphasises that although maxillofacial fracture is rare, it may occur following a dog bite and that thorough and systematic examination of the facial skeleton is crucial to exclude the presence of such injuries.

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“…Kinder sind bei den okulären (und fazialen) Bissverletzungen deutlich überrepräsentiert [13,26,28,41,61,76]. Folgende Gründe können dafür angeführt werden: -Aufgrund ihrer geringen Körpergröße werden Kinder häufiger im Gesicht erfasst als Erwachsene, die Bissverletzungen vor allem an den oberen und unteren Extremitäten erleiden.…”

Section: Bissverletzungen Am Augeunclassified

Augenverletzungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Rohrbach¹,

Szurman²,

Bartz-Schmidt³

2004

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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Childhood trauma of the eye and its adnexa represents approx. 4 - 20 % of all eye injuries. Due to ambiguous patient history and limited cooperation a comprehensive diagnosis of pediatric eye trauma is often difficult. The weakness of the infantile cornea, the thin and elastic anterior lens capsule, and the firm vitreous with its strong adherence to the retina bear particular intra- or postoperative problems. Moreover, the quick development of secondary cataract and the high risk of PVR may complicate the posttraumatic and postoperative course. Small infants represent a special subgroup in various regards mainly because of the risk of amblyopia which often causes functional loss in spite of a good anatomical reconstruction. The relative frequency of certain injuries differs between children and adults. The ocular manifestation of child abuse as well as bite and fireworks injuries are characteristic for childhood and will be discussed more in detail.

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The Incidence of Facial Injuries From Dog Bites

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Animal Bite Injuries in Children: Review of Literature and Case Series

Animal Bite Injuries in Children: Review of Literature and Case Series

Mandibular Fracture in a Child Resulting from a Dog Attack: A Case Report

Augenverletzungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

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