The Incarnate Body and Blood in Christianity

Boon, Jessica A.

doi:10.1002/9781118660072.ch2

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Medical records of dogs that underwent echocardiographic evaluation were retrospectively reviewed by a single author (KW). Standardized written reports (written by a cardiologist, a cardiology resident with direct cardiologist supervision, or a veterinarian residency‐trained in cardiology) were evaluated for the following information: left atrial size, presence or absence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), velocity of TR (when available in report), right atrial (RA)‐to‐right ventricular (RV) pressure gradient (calculated based on TR velocity using the modified Bernoulli equation 17 ), septal flattening, decreased or underfilled left ventricular size, presence or absence of RV hypertrophy, RV systolic function (based on tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]), main pulmonary artery‐to‐aorta (PA : Ao) ratio >1, presence of PR velocity >2.5 m/s, presence of right pulmonary artery distensibility (RPAD) index <30%, abnormalities in RV outflow profile (acceleration time <58 ms, acceleration‐to‐ejection time ratio <0.30, or systolic notching of the profile), presence of RA enlargement, and enlargement of the caudal vena cava (CVC). When available, raw echocardiographic images (originally obtained by a cardiologist, a cardiology resident with direct cardiologist supervision, or a veterinarian residency‐trained in cardiology) were reviewed for additional information that was not included in the written report.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Gamracy

Wiggen

Vientós‐Plotts

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Reports of clinicopathologic features of bronchomalacia (BM) differ because of inconsistent definitions and frequent prevalence of comorbid cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to BM is poorly described. Objectives Dogs with BM will be older but of any somatotype, and increased expiratory effort, ≥1 comorbid disease, and PH will be more common than in dogs without BM. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 210) evaluated for respiratory signs. Methods Medical records of dogs with paired inspiratory: expiratory‐breath‐hold computed tomography, tracheobronchoscopy, or both between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between dogs with and without BM using Mann‐Whitney rank sum or χ2 tests (P < .05 significant were made). Because of high numbers of variables, criteria with high prevalence (>25%) were identified (n = 10) for univariate analysis (P < .005 significant). Significant variables were submitted for multivariate analysis. Results Bronchomalacia was identified in 41% of dogs of all sizes/somatotypes; 38% were >10 kg. All dogs with BM had ≥1 comorbid cardiopulmonary disorder. Dogs with BM were significantly older (P < .001), smaller (P < .001), and were more likely diagnosed with tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse (P < .001) or bronchiectasis (P < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations with age, tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse, and bronchiectasis. In dogs with BM, PH was more prevalent. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although significantly more common in older, smaller dogs, BM occurs in dogs of all sizes and in all instances with comorbidities. Echocardiography should be considered in dogs with BM to identify PH.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Gamracy

Wiggen

Vientós‐Plotts

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Descriptive statistics were calculated for 3 PS severity categories: mild (21 to 49 mm Hg), moderate (50 to 75 mm Hg), and severe (> 75 mm Hg). 7 Data were summarized by median and interquartile ranges (IQRs) for nonnormal continuous data and counts (percentages) for categorical data. Because MEA is a circular variable, angular means and SDs were calculated by conversion of MEA to Cartesian vector coordinates (sin and cos transformation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right axis deviation in the canine electrocardiogram for predicting severity of pulmonic stenosis: a retrospective cohort analysis

Ackerman

Reynolds

Aherne

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive value of right axis deviation of the mean electrical axis (MEA) in assessing the severity of pulmonic stenosis (PS) in dogs. ANIMALS Records for 218 client-owned dogs diagnosed between 2014 and 2020 with PS as determined by Doppler echocardiography. PROCEDURES University of Florida Small Animal Clinic medical records were reviewed, and signalment and clinical risk variables (murmur grade and clinical signs) were extracted. MEA was determined from ECG records by use of leads I and III. Predictive potential of MEA and associated risk factors to diagnose PS severity (mild [< 50 mm Hg], moderate, or severe [> 75 mm Hg]) were assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and quantile regression. RESULTS Records for 88 dogs were eligible for analysis. Greater PS severity was associated with smaller breeds presenting with ECG abnormalities, overt clinical signs, and high-category murmur grades (IV and V). Mean MEA increased with stenosis severity category, with an average of 62° for mild, 113° for moderate, and 157° for severe. Each 10° increase in MEA corresponded to an approximately 5–mm Hg increase in PG. Increasing PS severity was associated with MEA right axis deviation > 100° and the more severe cases (PG > 75 mm Hg) with MEA right axis deviation > –180°. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mean electrical axis right axis deviation may be a useful screening metric for dogs with suspected moderate to severe PS.

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“…All echocardiograms were performed by a single board-certified cardiologist (MSO) using a 12–4 mHz sector array transducer with harmonics (Philips EPIC CVx, Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA, USA). Two-dimensional (2D), M-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler echocardiographic images were obtained in standard imaging planes from right and left lateral recumbency 38 . A concurrent lead II ECG was monitored for arrhythmias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Segmental or diffuse IVS or LVPW thickness exceeding 6 mm in the absence of systemic hypertension or hyperthyroidism on at least two serial examinations > 1 month apart was considered consistent with HCM 19 . Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was identified from the left parasternal 5-chamber view and was defined as the presence of color Doppler flow aliasing in the LVOT and a late-peaking spectral CW Doppler signal with a velocity of > 1.9 m/s 38 , 39 . The cursor was aligned with the color Doppler aliasing flow and the maximal modal velocity obtained was recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aficamten on cardiac contractility in a feline translational model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Sharpe

Oldach

Rivas

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited cardiac disease in humans and cats and lacks efficacious pharmacologic interventions in the preclinical phase of disease. LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is commonly observed in HCM-affected patients and is a primary driver of heart failure symptoms and reduced quality of life. Novel small-molecule cardiac myosin inhibitors target actin-myosin interactions to alleviate overactive protein interactions. A prospective, randomized, controlled cross-over study was performed to evaluate pharmacodynamic effects of two doses (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) of a next-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, aficamten (CK-3773274, CK-274), on cardiac function in cats with the A31P MYBPC3 mutation and oHCM. Dose-dependent reductions in LV systolic function, LVOT pressure gradient, and isovolumetric relaxation times compared to baseline were observed. Promising beneficial effects of reduced systolic function warrant further studies of this next-in-class therapeutic to evaluate the benefit of long-term administration in this patient population.

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The Incarnate Body and Blood in Christianity

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia

Right axis deviation in the canine electrocardiogram for predicting severity of pulmonic stenosis: a retrospective cohort analysis

Effects of Aficamten on cardiac contractility in a feline translational model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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