The in vivo infusion of hydrogen peroxide induces oxidative stress and differentially affects the activities of small intestinal carbohydrate digestive enzymes in the neonatal pig1

Abstract

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue that involves oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that a decrease in key carbohydrate-digesting enzyme activity in the gut is one of the major biological mechanisms of developing CFS in liquid formula-fed neonatal pigs with in vivo infusion of H(2)O(2). Piglets at 7 to 10 d of age were fitted with an intraperitoneal catheter, allowed a 3-d post surgical recovery, and infused with either H(2)O(2) at 5 mmol/kg BW (PER; n = 8) or the same volume of saline (CON; n = 8) in six 20-ml doses daily for a period of 10 d. During this period, animal behavior was monitored, blood samples collected, and jejunal enzyme activity kinetic experiments for lactase, sucrase, maltase, and maltase-glucoamylase were conducted. Plasma concentration of reduced glutathione remained similar (P > 0.05) to the pre-infusion level over the study duration in the CON group whereas this was 65% lower (P < 0.05) than the pre-infusion level in the PER group. Piglets experiencing oxidative stress had an overall lower (P < 0.05) physical mobility and the maximal jejunal specific activities [μmol/(mg protein · min)] for lactase (PER, 6.54 ± 0.68 vs. CON, 12.65 ± 0.69) and maltase (PER, 57.39 ± 1.02 vs. CON, 75.60 ± 1.04), respectively. However, differences were not observed (P > 0.05) in the maximal specific activities [μmol/(mg protein · min)] of sucrase (PER, 10.50 ± 1.37 vs. CON, 12.40 ± 1.55) and maltase-glucoamylase (PER, 0.71 ± 0.08 vs. CON, 0.70 ± 0.07) between the 2 groups. In conclusion, infusion of a suitable dose of H(2)O(2) induced CFS in the neonatal pigs. Oxidative stress in vivo differentially affected the maximal activities of important small intestinal carbohydrate-digesting enzymes in neonatal pigs fed a dairy milk-based liquid formula.

The piglet as a model for studying dietary components in infant diets: effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on intestinal functions

“…In humans, the absolute disaccharidase activity levels tend to be higher in human jejunum and ileum compared with the duodenum ( 52 ) , which was also observed in our piglet study at 26 d. Although the maltase levels were low in the caecum at day 26, the increased maltase levels in the GOS group might convey an advantage for the post-weaning adaptation to diets for growing piglets, as these diets are mainly composed of starch. As lactose was mainly present in the commercial milk replacer, the reduction in ileal brush-border enzyme activity observed in piglets fed a GOS diet for 26 d may result in an increased passage and availability of lactose to the large intestine, resulting in an increased risk for osmotic diarrhoea ( 53 ) . Diarrhoea was not observed in our study, in which a dosage of 0·8 % GOS was used.…”

Dietary supplementation with l-glutamate and l-aspartate alleviates oxidative stress in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide

“…H 2 O 2 , a major ROS, has been widely used to establish an oxidative stress model in vitro (Haynes et al 2009) and in vivo (e.g., pigs) (Lackeyram et al 2012;Yin et al 2015a, b). Consistence with these studies, intraperitoneal administration of H 2 O 2 caused oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased (P < 0.05) serum levels of MDA .…”

“…Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress changes the structure and physiological function of biomolecules (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids), leading to cell or organ injury (Haynes et al 2009;Wang et al 2008aWang et al , b, 2012Yin et al 2013a, b). Additionally, oxidative stress induces intestinal cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation in piglets (Zhu et al 2014), decreases expression of tight junction proteins, disturbs intestinal mucosal barrier function (Duan et al 2015;Fukui et al 2012), and changes gastrointestinal digestive and absorptive functions (Lackeyram et al 2012). Consequently, all of these adverse effects result in abnormal development and even growth suppression.…”

Effects of oil quality and antioxidant supplementation on sow performance, milk composition and oxidative status in serum and placenta

“…However, overproduction of free radicals may exceed the capability of antioxidant system, resulting in oxidative stress which can damage cellular lipids, proteins or DNA, thus inhibiting their normal function [ 3 ]. Growth performance, liver and intestinal functions of animals were impaired under oxidative stress [ 4 – 7 ].…”