The In vitro Cultivation of Oesophagostomum radiatum, the Nodular Worm of Cattle. II. The Use of This Technique to Study Immune Responses of Host Tissue Extracts against the Developing Nematode

Douvres, F. W.

doi:10.2307/3275115

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…cortortus larvae and not on third stage. Using in vitro culture techniques, Douvres (1962) found that larvae of the cattle modular worm Oesophagostornum radiatum became affected with precipitates when they had undergone a period of development to reach the third moult. Larvae at the infective stage or those which has developed insufficiently showed no reaction.…”

Section: Stage Of Development Abected By Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Origin of the Functional Antigens in Helminth Infections

Soulsby

1963

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Section: Stage Of Development Abected By Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Origin of the Functional Antigens in Helminth Infections

Soulsby

1963

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Immunological responses to nematodes which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract have been Correspondence: Dr P.H.Holmes, Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland. 0141-9838/83/0500-0277S02.00 0 1983 Blackwell Scientific Publications studied extensively and anti-worm antibodies have been demonstrated in intestinal extracts as well as in serum from infected animals (Dobson 1967, Douvres 1962, Crandall, Crandall & Franco 1974, Cypess, Ebersole & Molinari 1977. Specific IgA and other isotypes of antibody to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis antigens have also been detected both in sera and intestinal secretions , Seesee, Wescott & Gorham 1976, Sinski & Holmes 1977, Brown, Charley-Poulain & Pery 1981a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and measurement of coproantibodies to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats following a primary infection

Wędrychowicz¹,

Maclean

Holmes

1983

Parasite Immunology

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Investigations were initiated to study the possible detection and measurement of coproantibodies in animals infected with a gastrointestinal nematode parasite. Faecal extracts, extracts of small intestinal mucosa and sera of rats infected with intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were examined for total IgA, IgM and IgG levels and haemagglutinating and precipitating antibodies specific to parasite antigens over a 30-day-period following infection. It was found that in both faecal and mucosal extracts immunoglobulin concentrations increased after a primary infection. In faecal extracts there was a seven-fold increase of IgA, a three to six-fold increase of IgG and about a fifty-fold increase of IgM. Haemagglutinins in faecal extracts detected by adult worm excretory-secretory (ES) products and adult worm and infective larvae somatic extracts were observed from 3 days after infection (DAI). Haemagglutinins detected by ES products reached their highest titres on 11-12 DAI while those reacting with adult worm somatic extracts showed the highest level between 15 and 19 DAI. A similar pattern of response was found in the antibody levels of the intestinal mucosa. Haemagglutinins detected in faeces during the first 12 DAI reacted with the same antigens as antibodies present in the sera at that time but coproantibodies from 18, 24 and 30 DAI were different from those circulating in sera at that stage of the infection. The results suggest that measurement of coproantibody levels may provide a convenient and useful index of local immune responses to gastrointestinal helminths.

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“…ESP was isolated from 0. radiatum cultures containing larvae undergoing the molt from stages 3 to 4. In the host this is the phase of the infection with the most intimate tissue contact (1) and has usually been implied to be the most immunogenic (2,14,22) and the most likely target for protective immune responses. Inhibition of the expansion of antigen-specific clones at the site of larval development would be expected to severely limit the capacity of the host to mount a protective immune response in the gut, thus resulting in a decreased resistance to subsequent infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferation of bovine lymphocytes by excretory-secretory products of Oesophagostomum radiatum

Gasbarre¹,

Romanowski²,

Douvres³

1985

Infect Immun

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Excretory-secretory products (ESP) isolated from in vitro-grown stage-3 to -4 larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum were found to inhibit both the in vitro antigen-specific proliferation of keyhole limpet hemocyaninand ovalbumin-primed lymphocytes and the proliferation induced by the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. As little as 50 ng of ESP protein per culture resulted in 50% reductions of subsequent proliferative responses. Antigen-induced responses were 100 to 1,000 times more sensitive to inhibition than were mitogen-induced responses. The inhibitory activity was found to affect the induction of proliferation as evidenced by the observation that complete inhibition was seen when ESP were added to cultures within the first 24 h. ESP were found to have no inhibitory activity when added 72 h after the initiation of the cultures. The inhibition was not a result of a direct action upon macrophages because pulsing of adherent cells with ESP had no more effect on a subsequent proliferative response than did a pulsing of the culture vessel itself. The inhibitory activity eluted from high-pressure liquid chromatography columns in the same fractions as protein standards with molecular weights of 25,000 to 35,000. Of special interest is the fact that this inhibitor of the expansion of immunoreactive clones of lymphocytes is found associated with the stages of parasites most initimately associated with host tissues, namely larval stages 3 and 4. Many parasitic infections have been shown to exert strong immunoregulatory effects upon the host. In many cases, this immunoregulation has been shown at the level of either the host immune response to immunization with defined antigens or the response to infection by unrelated infectious agents. Examples of immunoregulation at the systemic level have been demonstrated after infection with a number of parasite species (3,10,16,28). In contrast, little is known about the regulation by parasites at the cellular level of the host immune response. African trypanosomes have been shown to suppress specific antitrypanosome in vitro T-cell responses (18,19). This suppression was found to affect both the T-cell and macrophage components of the response (19), and that responsiveness could be at least partially restored by the addition to the culture of supernatants of activated T cells (20).Oesophagostomum radiatum is a nematode which infects the distal small intestine, cecum, and proximal colon of cattle. After the infective larvae are ingested in contaminated herbage, they penetrate the mucosa of the distal ileum and then undergo a complex development in the submucosa, leading to a marked inflammation at the sites of development. This inflammation results in the formation of large nodules, accounting for the common name of the parasite, the nodular worm of cattle. Recent advances in large-scale in vitro cultivation of 0. radiatum make it possible to obtain relatively synchronous populations of advanced stages from infective larvae through young adults (15). These techniques permit both the iso...

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The In vitro Cultivation of Oesophagostomum radiatum, the Nodular Worm of Cattle. II. The Use of This Technique to Study Immune Responses of Host Tissue Extracts against the Developing Nematode

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

The Nature and Origin of the Functional Antigens in Helminth Infections

The Nature and Origin of the Functional Antigens in Helminth Infections

The detection and measurement of coproantibodies to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats following a primary infection

Suppression of antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferation of bovine lymphocytes by excretory-secretory products of Oesophagostomum radiatum

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