The Nature and Origin of the Functional Antigens in Helminth Infections

The effect of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells on Haemonchus contortus larval morbidity in vitro

“…Macrophages work in collaboration with eosinophils, killing T. spiralis larvae more rapidly when serum was added in culture. 18 Together, these studies suggest a role of antibody contributing to a greater and more potent cellular response that may account for observed differences in larval ATP in the current study.…”

“…Increased circulating antibody corresponded to increased cellular attachment, and the presence of antibody influences the length of time cells remained attached to larvae, thereby influencing cellular effects against larvae. Macrophages work in collaboration with eosinophils, killing T. spiralis larvae more rapidly when serum was added in culture . Together, these studies suggest a role of antibody contributing to a greater and more potent cellular response that may account for observed differences in larval ATP in the current study.…”

“…However, an in vitro system comprised only of lymphocytes and monocytes is sufficient to cause severe morbidity of H. contortus larvae in the absence of other immune components. Macrophages were observed in culture to permanently adhere to Trichinella spiralis larvae while retaining cellular integrity when compared to neutrophils, mast cells and eosinophils, supporting a direct role of macrophages in parasite clearance. Cellular adherence contributed to greater reduction in mobility and increased damage to larvae.…”

Comparative studies on in vitro cell adherence reactions and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in mice and pigs infected with Ascaris suum

“…A. suum embryonated eggs are satisfactory immunizing agents, and have been used extensively to study host responses to ^ suum (Sprent and Chen, 1949;Soulsby, 1963;Taffs, 1961bTaffs, , 1963Taffs, , 1964Taffs, , 1965Taffs, , and 1968Kelley and Nayak, 1964;Crandall and Arean, 1965;andBindseil, 1969a and1970b and c. It appears that embryonated eggs induce protective responses in hosts against challenge infections because during the in fections the host is exposed to a series of immunizing antigenic stimuli such as scanatic antigens and metabolic products, consisting of molting fluids and excretory and secretory substances.…”

“…Cell adherence reactions Soulsby (1961a) observed adhesion of eosinophils to lung-stage ^ suum juveniles after they had been intro duced into the peritoneal cavities of immune guinea pigs. In further studies, Soulsby (1963) described m vivo adhesion of eosinophils and pyroninophilic cells to lung-stage Ascaris juveniles and Nippostrongylus juveniles, when placed in appropriately sensitized animals. He also de scribed i^ vitro cell adherence reactions to lung-stage Ascaris juveniles of peripheral blood leukocytes or peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from immune rabbits.…”