The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Wound and Skin Cleansers at Nontoxic Concentrations

Rani, Suriani Abdul; Hoon, Russell; Najafi, Ramin; Khosrovi, Behzad; Wang, Lu; Debabov, Dmitri

doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000443255.73875.a3

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In vitro testing of HOCl against mouse dermal fibroblasts showed that a single 10-fold dilution was comparable to the cytotoxicity observed in unexposed control fibroblasts. 23 In addition, its topical use as a wound cleanser in humans has been reported without adverse events or systemic toxicity. 24 Because the active ingredient in HOCl is reactive, not persistent, and even further diluted by the tear film, we believe the potential for ocular surface and intraocular toxicity are low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Infections After Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Implantation

Odorcic

Haas

Gilmore

et al. 2015

Cornea

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Purpose To review the current literature describing cases of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis following Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation, and characterize the antifungal activity of 0.01% hypochlorous acid against medically relevant fungi. Methods A literature review of fungal keratitis or endophthalmitis in KPro patients from January 2001 to April 2015, and an in vitro time kill assay characterizing the fungicidal activity of 0.01% hypochlorous acid against fungi causing ocular infections. Results Fifteen publications, predominantly retrospective case series, were identified. Infection rates following KPro implantation ranged from 0.009–0.02 fungal infections per patient-year of follow-up. The largest single surgeon series reported an incidence of 2.4% for fungal endophthalmitis during a 10-year period. Causative organisms included both yeasts and molds. Outcomes were favorable if infections were caught early and treated appropriately; less favorable outcomes were reported in developing countries where fungal species are endemic and resources limited. 0.01% hypochlorous acid is rapidly fungicidal, reducing the number of viable yeast cells or mold conidia by at least 99.99% within 60 seconds. The antifungal activity extended to all molds (Acremonium kiliense, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Mucor indicus) and yeast species (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis) tested. Conclusions Fungal infections remain a lifelong concern in patients following KPro implantation. There is a growing need for a standard antifungal prophylaxis regimen, especially in the developing world. The rapid broad-spectrum in vitro fungicidal activity of 0.01% hypochlorous acid against all fungi tested makes it an attractive candidate as an antifungal prophylaxis in KPro patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Infections After Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Implantation

Odorcic

Haas

Gilmore

et al. 2015

Cornea

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“…www.briotechinternational.com ) and/or have strong antimicrobial activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations (e.g. [ 24 ]). Furthermore, electrolytically generated HOCl is acknowledged to be both powerful and benign enough to meet USDA standards for sanitation and safe food contact without need for rinsing (FSIS Directive 7120.1, Rev.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Prions and Amyloid Seeds with Hypochlorous Acid

Hughson¹,

Race²,

Kraus³

et al. 2016

PLoS Pathog

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Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced naturally by neutrophils and other cells to kill conventional microbes in vivo. Synthetic preparations containing HOCl can also be effective as microbial disinfectants. Here we have tested whether HOCl can also inactivate prions and other self-propagating protein amyloid seeds. Prions are deadly pathogens that are notoriously difficult to inactivate, and standard microbial disinfection protocols are often inadequate. Recommended treatments for prion decontamination include strongly basic (pH ≥~12) sodium hypochlorite bleach, ≥1 N sodium hydroxide, and/or prolonged autoclaving. These treatments are damaging and/or unsuitable for many clinical, agricultural and environmental applications. We have tested the anti-prion activity of a weakly acidic aqueous formulation of HOCl (BrioHOCl) that poses no apparent hazard to either users or many surfaces. For example, BrioHOCl can be applied directly to skin and mucous membranes and has been aerosolized to treat entire rooms without apparent deleterious effects. Here, we demonstrate that immersion in BrioHOCl can inactivate not only a range of target microbes, including spores of Bacillus subtilis, but also prions in tissue suspensions and on stainless steel. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays showed that BrioHOCl treatments eliminated all detectable prion seeding activity of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cervine chronic wasting disease, sheep scrapie and hamster scrapie; these findings indicated reductions of ≥103- to 106-fold. Transgenic mouse bioassays showed that all detectable hamster-adapted scrapie infectivity in brain homogenates or on steel wires was eliminated, representing reductions of ≥~105.75-fold and >104-fold, respectively. Inactivation of RT-QuIC seeding activity correlated with free chlorine concentration and higher order aggregation or destruction of proteins generally, including prion protein. BrioHOCl treatments had similar effects on amyloids composed of human α-synuclein and a fragment of human tau. These results indicate that HOCl can block the self-propagating activity of prions and other amyloids.

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“…It is commercially available and easy to use as compared with the production of HOCl by electrolysis of isotonic NS using a device, as performed in other studies [ 3 ]. It has been shown that NeutroPhase has rapid bactericidal activity [ 20 ]. However, our results found that it did not exert a good antibacterial effect after soaking specimens for one or 5 minutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid Solution on Nasal Discharge from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Lin

Jiang

2018

International Journal of Otolaryngology

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Purpose The antibacterial effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution on nasal secretion of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was investigated. Materials and Methods Five swab specimens were collected from the middle meatus of CRS patients. The first one was placed directly in a Thanswab tube while all of the others were placed randomly into 4 glass tubes containing either HOCl solution, normal saline (NS), 75% alcohol, or povidone-iodine (PVPI) solution for one minute in the first part and for 5 minutes in the second part of the study before transfer to a Thanswab tube. Results Bacteria were cultured from 27 of 50 specimens when they were put directly in a Thanswab tube and from 26 after soaking in HOCl solution, 27 in NS, 13 in 75% alcohol, and 25 in PVPI solution for one minute. In the second part of the study, bacteria were cultured from 14 of 32 specimens when they were put directly in a Thanswab tube and from 14 after soaking in HOCl solution, 13 in NS, 3 in 75% alcohol, and 11 in PVPI solution for 5 minutes. Conclusions This study showed that HOCL solution did not exert an antibacterial effect on nasal secretion from CRS patients within 5 minutes.

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The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Wound and Skin Cleansers at Nontoxic Concentrations

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Fungal Infections After Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Implantation

Fungal Infections After Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Implantation

Inactivation of Prions and Amyloid Seeds with Hypochlorous Acid

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid Solution on Nasal Discharge from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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