The Important Liaison Between Onuf Nucleus–Pudendal Nerve Ganglia Complex Degeneration and Urinary Retention in Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

Aydın

et al. 2019

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Background The pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) and ophthalmic arteries (OpAs) have important roles in ocular autoregulation and retinal and visual functions. The relationship between PPG neuron density, OpA vasospasm, and retinal detachment in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has never been studied. Methods This study was conducted on 25 rabbits. Five animals were in the control group (GI; n = 5), five in the sham group (GII; n = 5), and 15 in the study group (GIII; n = 15). After injection of 1 cc serum saline into the cisterna magna in the sham group, and autologous blood in the SAH group, the animals were followed for 3 weeks. All animals underwent a retinal examination five times a week for 3 weeks before and after the experiment. After the experiment, the neuron density of PPGs of the facial nerves, vasospasm index (VSI) of OpAs, and total basal surface values of the detached retinal parts (DRPs) were calculated. Results In the funduscopic examination, intravitreous hemorrhage ( Terson's syndrome) was detected in four animals in the SAH group. In the control groups, neuron density was 12,000 ± 1,240/mm3, VSI = 0.345 ± 0.076, and DRP = 0 to 1.5 mm2. Mean neuron density was 9,450 ± 940/mm3, VSI = 1.645 ± 0.940, and DRP = 6.23 ± 1.61 mm2 in the sham group (p < 0.05). Neuron density was 6,890 ± 932/mm3, VSI = 2.92 ± 0.97, and DRP = 9.43 ± 2.54 mm2 in SAH group. Conclusion Mean neuron density, VSI of OpAs, and DRP values differed statistically significant between the SAH group and other groups (p < 0.005). There is an inverse relationship between PPG neurons and DRP. However, a direct relationship was observed between the mean VSI and DRP values.

Section: Specific Conclusive Hypothesis Of Our Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histopathologic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing a New Mechanism of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study

Fındık

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

Aydın

et al. 2019

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“…Another important limitation is that our experimental rabbit model of SAH may not accurately mimic the human disease process. [ 8 17 24 30 ] It cannot faultlessly represent a human spinal SAH model. However, our study will promote further studies on this subject.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden death and cervical spine: A new contribution to pathogenesis for sudden death in critical care unit from subarachnoid hemorrhage; first report – An experimental study

Kazdal

Aydın

et al. 2017

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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Context:Sudden death from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not uncommon.Aims:The goal of this study is to elucidate the effect of the cervical spinal roots and the related dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) on cardiorespiratory arrest following SAH.Settings and Design:This was an experimental study conducted on rabbits.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on 22 rabbits which were randomly divided into three groups: control (n = 5), physiologic serum saline (SS; n = 6), SAH groups (n = 11). Experimental SAH was performed. Seven of 11 rabbits with SAH died within the first 2 weeks. After 20 days, other animals were sacrificed. The anterior spinal arteries, arteriae nervorum of cervical nerve roots (C6–C8), DRGs, and lungs were histopathologically examined and estimated stereologically.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Intergroup differences were assessed using a one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results:In the SAH group, histopathologically, severe anterior spinal artery (ASA) and arteriae nervorum vasospasm, axonal and neuronal degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis were observed. Vasospasm of ASA did not occur in the SS and control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the degenerated neuron density in the SAH group as compared to the control and SS groups (P < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory disturbances, arrest, and lung edema more commonly developed in animals in the SAH group.Conclusion:We noticed interestingly that C6–C8 DRG degenerations were secondary to the vasospasm of ASA, following SAH. Cardiorespiratory disturbances or arrest can be explained with these mechanisms.

“…Certain anatomical structures call for detailed study due to their functional importance. [ 19 20 21 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of perforation of ligamentum flavum by sequestrated lumbar intervertebral disc

Özdemi̇r

Batçık

et al. 2017

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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Disc fragments are well known to migrate to superior, inferior, or lateral sites in the anterior epidural space, posterior epidural migrated lumbar disc fragments is an extremely rare disorder, 61 cases have been reported to date. However, there were no cases with perforated ligamentum flavum (LF). We report a different case with perforation of ligamentum ligamentum by disc fragment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of perforation LF by a posterior epidural migrated sequester disc.