The importance of the short-term leaching dynamics of wood preservatives

Hingston, J.A.; Moore, J.; Bacon, Andrew; Lester, J.N.; Murphy, Richard J.; Collins, Chris

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00333-2

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…No differences in Cu leaching were found between RW and UPW but cumulative losses and flow rates of Cu were always higher in SW than in the other leaching media in all cases (Fig. This can be explained by the ability of Cu to form water-soluble complexes with the humic matter present in SW [31,44,45]. This can be explained by the ability of Cu to form water-soluble complexes with the humic matter present in SW [31,44,45].…”

Section: Effect Of Leaching Medium On Leachability Of Ccb Preservativementioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of leaching medium and drying time between successive leaching periods on the emission of chromium, copper, and boron from treated wood

García-Valcárcel¹,

Bravo²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine leaching of Cu, Cr, and B from pine sapwood treated with Cr-Cu-B (CCB) preservative in different leaching media (ultrapure water [UPW], rainwater [RW], and soil water [SW]). Losses of metals from CCB-treated wood, expressed in percentage of initial content, were always highest for B (11.2-63.5%) and lowest for Cr (0.02-0.36%) in any of the leaching media assayed. Losses of B and Cr from treated wood were not affected by the leaching medium; however, losses of Cu were 1.5 to 2.5 times higher in SW than in UPW and RW. The influence of drying time between successive leaching periods on release of metals also was determined. Treated wood was submitted to wetting-drying cycles of 24 h/d, 18 h/d, and 6 h/d in contact with the leaching medium over a total contact time of 276 h. For an equivalent contact period of CCB-treated wood with either UPW or RW, leaching of B was from 1.1 to 1.9 times higher for continual wetting than under intermittent wetting conditions. Leaching of Cu was not affected by the wetting-drying periods when wood was in contact with RW, but it was 1.2 to 1.5 times higher for continual wetting with UPW. In general, leaching of Cr was not affected by the wetting-drying cycles when in contact with UPW or RW. However, when CCB-treated wood was in contact with SW under discontinuous wetting of 6 h/d, Cu and Cr emissions were approximately 1.2 and 2.5 times higher, respectively, than with continuous wetting. This study shows that the type of leaching medium and the drying time between successive wetting periods must be considered when evaluating metal losses from CCB-treated wood during service life.

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Section: Effect Of Leaching Medium On Leachability Of Ccb Preservativementioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of leaching medium and drying time between successive leaching periods on the emission of chromium, copper, and boron from treated wood

García-Valcárcel¹,

Bravo²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…A second objective is to measure the amount and rate of preservative leaching when the wood is exposed to water. This provides an assessment of potential contamination of water, soil, and sediment and the resulting impacts to human health and the environment [12][13][14][21][22][23][24]. Investigators have employed several different testing protocols to evaluate preservative leaching from treated wood products, including: (1) tests in which the wood is exposed to the soil environment and preservative loss is measured over time [25][26][27][28]; (2) tests in which small pieces of wood are leached with aqueous solutions and the preservative concentrations in the leachate are measured [5,11,12]; and (3) tests in which structures are leached with actual or simulated rainfall and the resulting runoff is captured and analyzed [16].…”

Section: Leaching Tests For Pressure Treated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of CCA-treated wood: implications for waste disposal

Townsend

Tolaymat

Solo‐Gabriele

et al. 2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

101

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“…Although there are numerous studies on arsenic dislodging and leaching from CCA-treated wood [Cooper 1990, 1991; Cooper et al 2001; Henningsson and Carlsson 1984; Hingston et al 2001, 2002; Stilwell and Gorny 1997; Stilwell et al 2003; Taylor et al 2001; Townsend et al 2003; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1996], there is little quantitative information on arsenic exposure due to CCA-treated wood in playgrounds. Studies on CCA-treated wood have mostly examined soil and sand samples from playgrounds (Balasoiu et al 2001; Stilwell and Gorny 1997; Townsend et al 2003; Zagury et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic on the Hands of Children after Playing in Playgrounds

Kwon

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

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Increasing concerns over the use of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in playground structures arise from potential exposure to arsenic of children playing in these playgrounds. Limited data from previous studies analyzing arsenic levels in sand samples collected from CCA playgrounds are inconsistent and cannot be directly translated to the amount of children’s exposure to arsenic. The objective of this study was to determine the quantitative amounts of arsenic on the hands of children in contact with CCA-treated wood structures or sand in playgrounds. We compared arsenic levels on the hands of 66 children playing in eight CCA playgrounds with levels of arsenic found on the hands of 64 children playing in another eight playgrounds not constructed with CCA-treated wood. The children’s age and duration of playtime were recorded at each playground. After play, children’s hands were washed in a bag containing 150 mL of deionized water. Arsenic levels in the hand-washing water were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results show that the ages of the children sampled and the duration of play in the playgrounds were similar between the groups of CCA and non-CCA playgrounds. The mean amount of water-soluble arsenic on children’s hands from CCA playgrounds was 0.50 μg (range, 0.0078–3.5 μg). This was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the mean amount of water-soluble arsenic on children’s hands from non-CCA playgrounds, which was 0.095 μg (range, 0.011–0.41 μg). There was no significant difference in the amount of sand on the children’s hands and the concentration of arsenic in the sand between the CCA and non-CCA groups. The higher values of arsenic on the hands of children playing in the CCA playgrounds are probably due to direct contact with CCA-treated wood. Washing hands after play would reduce the levels of potential exposure because most of the arsenic on children’s hands was washed off with water. The maximum amount of arsenic on children’s hands from the entire group of study participants was < 4 μg, which is lower than the average daily intake of arsenic from water and food.

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The importance of the short-term leaching dynamics of wood preservatives

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of leaching medium and drying time between successive leaching periods on the emission of chromium, copper, and boron from treated wood

Influence of leaching medium and drying time between successive leaching periods on the emission of chromium, copper, and boron from treated wood

Leaching of CCA-treated wood: implications for waste disposal

Arsenic on the Hands of Children after Playing in Playgrounds

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