The importance of the concepts of disaster, catastrophe, violence, trauma and barbarism in defining posttraumatic stress disorder in clinical practice

Braga, Luciana Lorens; Fiks, Jose Paulo; Mari, Jair J.; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-68

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…If this is the case, it is possible to conclude from the evidence that the event plays an integral role in the course and symptom profile of the disorder and that the current criteria do not effectively capture those aspects of the event which cause such distress. Many authors agree that the classification of traumatic events is underdeveloped (e.g., Luz et al, 2011) and acknowledge the need for a standardised description (e.g., Braga et al, 2008;Long & Elhai, 2009). Therefore, although the Stressor Criterion may require revision, the etiological connection between the event and the resulting symptoms warrants being retained as the event is likely to hold the key to the best course of treatment, and thus adjustment and recovery.…”

Section: How Else Could These Results Be Interpreted?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Growth and Recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Walter¹,

Bates²

2012

Essential Notes in Psychiatry

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Section: How Else Could These Results Be Interpreted?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Growth and Recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Walter¹,

Bates²

2012

Essential Notes in Psychiatry

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“…The objective of qualitative studies [36-38] is to explore conceptual aspects [39] and understand different meanings and nuances of these apparent contradictions between clinical research and controlled methodologies. The present study aims to detect how Brazilian OHS perceive transgenerational transmission of their parents’ experiences in the Holocaust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational transmission of trauma and resilience: a qualitative study with Brazilian offspring of Holocaust survivors

2012

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BackgroundOver the past five decades, clinicians and researchers have debated the impact of the Holocaust on the children of its survivors. The transgenerational transmission of trauma has been explored in more than 500 articles, which have failed to reach reliable conclusions that could be generalized. The psychiatric literature shows mixed findings regarding this subject: many clinical studies reported psychopathological findings related to transgenerational transmission of trauma and some empirical research has found no evidence of this phenomenon in offspring of Holocaust survivors.MethodThis qualitative study aims to detect how the second generation perceives transgenerational transmission of their parents’ experiences in the Holocaust. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with fifteen offspring of Holocaust survivors and sought to analyze experiences, meanings and subjective processes of the participants. A Grounded Theory approach was employed, and constant comparative method was used for analysis of textual data.ResultsThe development of conceptual categories led to the emergence of distinct patterns of communication from parents to their descendants. The qualitative methodology also allowed systematization of the different ways in which offspring can deal with parental trauma, which determine the development of specific mechanisms of traumatic experience or resilience in the second generation.ConclusionsThe conceptual categories constructed by the Grounded Theory approach were used to present a possible model of the transgenerational transmission of trauma, showing that not only traumatic experiences, but also resilience patterns can be transmitted to and developed by the second generation. As in all qualitative studies, these conclusions cannot be generalized, but the findings can be tested in other contexts.

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“…A palavra "violência" origina-se do latim e tem dois signifi cados: violentia, que signifi ca veemência, ato apaixonado e sem controle, e violare, que signifi ca infração ou violação 3 . Interessa-nos aqui a violência intencional como violação, que vai além da forma física, que impede a realização humana.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Gravidade psicopatológica em mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica

Mozzambani

Ribeiro

Fuso

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a presença de sintomas psicopatológicos em mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica (VD) que procuraram uma delegacia de defesa da mulher. Métodos: Foram avaliadas mulheres com idade entre 20 e 50 anos que deram entrada em uma delegacia da mulher com queixa de VD. Durante a entrevista, todas foram submetidas ao Relatório de Indicadores Sociais e preencheram os seguintes instrumentos de autoaplicação: Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist -Civilian Version e o Questionário de Experiências Dissociativas Peritraumáticas (todos em língua portuguesa). Foram usadas notas de corte a partir dos estudos de validação desses instrumentos para categorizar indivíduos com alta probabilidade de apresentar transtorno depressivo maior, transtorno de ansiedade, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, ou alta/baixa dissociação peritraumática. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 17 mulheres com idade média de 34,7±7,7 anos. O tempo médio de duração da violência foi de 9,1±8,7 anos. Do total de mulheres, 53% eram vítimas de agressão excessiva e 84% eram ameaçadas de morte pelo companheiro; em 71% dos casos, os companheiros eram usuários de drogas. Além disso, 53% das mulheres afi rmaram ter sofrido VD na infância. Do total da amostra, 89% tiveram grande probabilidade de apresentar transtorno depressivo maior, 94% transtorno de ansiedade, 76% transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e 88% apresentaram elevados níveis de experiências dissociativas peritraumáticas. Conclusão: As vítimas de VD que dão entrada em delegacias de defesa da mulher têm alta probabilidade de apresentar morbidade psiquiátrica, assim como alterações cognitivas que as impossibilitam de sair do ciclo da violência. Descritores: Mulheres maltratadas, transtornos dissociativos, transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos, violência doméstica. AbstractObjective: To assess the presence of psychopathological symptoms in women victims of domestic violence who seek help at police units offering women's protective services. Methods: Women aged between 20 and 50 years who sought help at women's protective services complaining of domestic violence were assessed. During the interview, all participants were submitted to assessment using a Social Indicator Report and fi lled in the following self-report instruments: Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist -Civilian Version, and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (all in Brazilian Portuguese). Cut-off points were established based on instrument validation studies and were used to identify subjects with a high probability of having major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or high/low peritraumatic dissociation. Results: Seventeen women with a mean age of 34.7±7.7 years were assessed. Average duration of exposure to domestic violence was 9.1±8.7 years. Of the total sample, 53% were exposed to excessive violence and 84% received death threats from t...

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The importance of the concepts of disaster, catastrophe, violence, trauma and barbarism in defining posttraumatic stress disorder in clinical practice

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Posttraumatic Growth and Recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic Growth and Recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Transgenerational transmission of trauma and resilience: a qualitative study with Brazilian offspring of Holocaust survivors

Gravidade psicopatológica em mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica

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