The importance of proper and prompt treatment of ocular syphilis: a lesson from permanent vision loss in 52 eyes

Abstract

Background Ocular involvement can occur at any stage of syphilis. Prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of ocular syphilis are vital to avoid long‐term consequences. Objectives To describe the risk factors for ocular syphilis and clinical features of blindness caused by syphilis. Methods We report risk factors for ocular syphilis amongst patients seen at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital between October 2009 and October 2017. We identify patients with ocular syphilis resulting in blindness and report the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and treatment outcomes of these patients. Results A total of 8310 new cases of syphilis were seen, of which 213 patients had ocular disease and 50 patients had blindness due to syphilis. Increasing age and higher RPR titres were associated with ocular involvement but there was no association with HIV status. Blindness in syphilis was restricted predominantly to patients with optic nerve involvement and not patients with isolated uveitis. Fifty patients (and a total of 67 eyes) met the WHO definition of blindness prior to treatment for syphilis. At the end of follow‐up, vision had improved in 24 of 67 eyes (35.8%) after treatment. Successful treatment of uveitis was associated with the best improvement in visual acuity, whilst patient with underlying optic atrophy prior to treatment had the worst visual outcome. Conclusions Ocular involvement is an important manifestation of syphilis which may result in blindness. Our data demonstrate outcomes for ocular syphilis are poor if detected late; early recognition and diagnosis is therefore vital to avoid permanent visual loss.

Ocular syphilis – a case series of four patients

“…Eye involvement may even present as the only sign of syphilis requiring treatment [4,8]. Any part of the eye may be affected [5,9]. Syphilis was only diagnosed based on the ophthalmologic symptoms in patients 2, 3, and 4.…”

Clinical Features and Corrected Factors with Neurosyphilis in HIV/Syphilis Co-Infected Patients Based on Stage of Syphilis

“…Neurosyphilis is a complicated and serious condition that can occur if syphilis treatment is delayed or not properly performed in the early stage. Late-stage neurosyphilis can cause permanent central nervous system damage even after proper treatment, leading to conditions such as dementia, 11 blindness, 12 hearing loss, 13 and paralysis. 14 In HIV/syphilis co-infected patients, it is extremely important to promptly diagnose neurosyphilis, especially in the asymptomatic stage.…”

Neurosyphilis Presenting with Optic Neuritis

“…Dhungana et al [12] reported that syphilis can progress to syphilitic optic neuropathy if left untreated as evidenced by poor vision and RAPD in our patient. A study by Gu et al [13] showed that delayed treatment for syphilitic optic neuropathy can lead to significant permanent visual loss. Hence, all patients with optic neuritis should be tested for syphilis by definitive investigations.…”