The Implications of the Propatagial Muscles of Flying and Gliding Mammals for Archontan Systematics

Thewissen, J. G. M.; Babcock, Sharon K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2388-2_3

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Musculus occipitopollicalis is specific to chiropterans being probably derived from the m. platysmа as is shown by its innervation by the nervus facialis (Tokita et al 2012); note that the same innervation is found in the propatagial muscle of colugos (Thewissen and Babcock 1993), which we call the m. tensor propatagii. The m. occipitopollicalis of chiropterans originates from the midline of the supraoccipitale or, in Pteropus (Humphry 1869), by four strands: from the occipital crest, lower jaw, throat, and the m. pectoralis.…”

Section: Musculature Of Wing Membranementioning

confidence: 69%

Forelimb Morphology of Bats

Panyutina

Korzun

Kuznetsov

2015

Flight of Mammals: From Terrestrial Limbs to Wings

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Of the three mammalian orders, which we have investigated, morphological features of chiropterans are considered in the literature most completely. The structure of the musculoskeletal system of particular species and comparisons of different chiropteran groups are discussed in many studies. The earliest anatomical descriptions were already published in the second half of the nineteenth century (Humphry 1869; Macalister 1872), and the golden age of this field has fallen on the second half of the twentieth century (Vaughan 1959(Vaughan , 1966(Vaughan , 1970aJullien 1969;Kovtun 1970Kovtun , 1976Kovtun , 1977Kovtun , 1978Norberg 1970Norberg , 1972Vaughan and Bateman 1970; Walton and Walton 1970a, b;Strickler 1978;Altenbach 1979; Altenbach 1983, 1985;Arganbright 1984;Foehring and Hermanson 1984;Glass and Gannon 1994;Schlosser-Sturm and Schliemann 1995;Schliemann and Schlosser-Sturm 1999; etc.). In the twenty-first century, anatomical studies of the bat locomotorium become scarce (Lopez-González and Polaco 2001; Maniakas and Youlatos 2012). The major efforts were invested in ecological interpretations of morphological features of particular members of the order or in comparison with birds, almost neglecting comparisons with other mammals.Although in the literature dealing with the origin of chiropterans, both tree shrews and colugos are regarded as the nearest relatives and, sometimes, as hypothetical ancestors, studies devoted to the analysis of musculoskeletal system of chiropterans in comparison with members of these orders of Archonta are almost absent. Only a few solitary works are devoted to comparison of flying and gliding mammals and usually consider special cases, for example, the structure and innervation of muscles in the wing membrane of chiropterans and colugos (Thewissen and Babcock 1993) or innervation of the membrane in bats and other mammals (Kovtun 1984;Thewissen and Babcock 1991).To describe the musculature, we dissected six specimens of four bat species 3 ), and Hipposideros larvatus 4 ) of three families (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae, and Hipposideridae). In addition, we studied selected muscles of Lavia frons 5 and Chaerephon pumilus 6 (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae, Molossidae). All specimens were provided by ZMMU.Later in the text, we present generalized descriptions based on our own dissections as well as on published data (Macalister 1872;Vaughan 1959;Norberg 1970Norberg , 1972Kovtun 1978;Strickler 1978; etc.) The joint mobility is described based on the study of the aforementioned syndesmological preparations as well as fresh corpses of bats from the Moscow Region fauna ( Myotis daubentonii, Myotis dasycneme, Plecotus auritus, and Eptesicus nilssoni) and two tropical species ( Rousettus aegyptiacus and Carollia perspicillata). In addition, the movements of the shoulder girdle elements were studied using X-ray video filming of flight of the Egyptian fruit bat ( R. aegyptiacus). To keep it within the video frame, experimenter held the bat flapping wings either by its hindlimbs or b...

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Section: Musculature Of Wing Membranementioning

confidence: 69%

Forelimb Morphology of Bats

Panyutina

Korzun

Kuznetsov

2015

Flight of Mammals: From Terrestrial Limbs to Wings

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“…Although the anatomy and inner vation of platysma II in a flying squirrel were investigated by Thewissen and Babcock [1993], their anatomical de scriptions differed from previous studies [Peterka, 1936: Bryant, 1945Gupta, 1966: Johnson-Murray, 1977, and [Thewissen and Babcock, 1993], Gross dis section. in addition, does not allow the discrimination of motor and sensory nerve components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The main propatagial muscle origi nates ventrally from the chest or neck and inserts on the brachium or antebrachium [Johnson-Murray, 1987;Thewissen and Babcock, 1993]. The lack of a well-developed platysma muscle in some possums [Provis.…”

Section: Propatagial Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of Propatagial Musculature in a Flying Squirrel, <i>Glaucomys volans </i>(Rodentia, Sciuridae)

Chickering¹,

Sokoloff²

1996

Brain Behav Evol

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The propatagium of gliding and flying mammals is of both functional and phylogenetic interest. The innervation of the propatagial muscle, platysma II, was studied with the axonal tracer wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in a flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans. Injections of WGA-HRP into the proximal third of platysma II labeled motoneurons in the lateral part of the medial subdivision of the ipsilateral facial nucleus and in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the brachial enlargement. Injections into distal regions of platysma II labeled motoneurons in the ipsilateral ventral horn of spinal segments C5-C8 but not in the facial nucleus. Injections along the whole length of the muscle labeled afferent axons in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of spinal segments C4-T1. These results demonstrate a mixed facial and spinal motor innervation of propatagial musculature in the flying squirrel and indicate that this pattern of mixed innervation is more widespread among flying and gliding mammals than previously reported. Mixed facial and cervical propatagial innervation, independently derived in different flying and gliding mammals, may represent a common solution in the design of the propatagium. These findings complicate the use of propatagial muscle innervation patterns for the establishment of phylogenetic relationships among flying and gliding mammals.

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“…Although in the literature dealing with the origin of chiropterans, both tree shrews and colugos are regarded as the nearest relatives and, sometimes, as hypothetical ancestors, studies devoted to the analysis of musculoskeletal system of chiropterans in comparison with members of these orders of Archonta are almost absent. Only a few solitary works are devoted to comparison of flying and gliding mammals and usually consider special cases, for example, the structure and innervation of muscles in the wing membrane of chiropterans and colugos (Thewissen and Babcock 1993) or innervation of the membrane in bats and other mammals (Kovtun 1984;Thewissen and Babcock 1991).…”

Section: Forelimb Morphology Of Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%