The implications of mixed-material plasma-facing surfaces in ITER

Doerner, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.059

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In spite of this increase, the erosion rate and plasma contamination potential of the reference beryllium coated wall appear to be acceptable for ITER, but both are high enough that ongoing analysis, with continuing improved models/codes/data is needed. Another key result is the significant wall to divertor beryllium transport; the implications of this on mixed-material generation/performance are being examined by us and colleagues for a tungsten divertor, and as pointed out Doerner [20], this transfer could significantly affect a carbon divertor, possibly being beneficial. Finally, for beryllium, the convective plasma regime introduces the potential for high T/Be codeposition rates, of order grams per pulse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion/redeposition analysis of the ITER first wall with convective and non-convective plasma transport

2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion/redeposition analysis of the ITER first wall with convective and non-convective plasma transport

2006

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“…The observed and modelled microscopic deposition leads, together with erosion, to a levelling of the surface [17]. Due to the importance of predicting O-16 3 the wall composition development of ITER and DEMO with operation time and the contribution of deposited layers to the fuel retention [18,19,20], the microscopic development should be studied in detail on thoroughly pre-characterised surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blistering and re-deposition on tungsten exposed to ASDEX Upgrade divertor plasma

Balden

Rohde

Lindig

et al. 2013

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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A well-polished and pre-characterised polycrystalline tungsten specimen was exposed to the outer divertor plasma of ASDEX Upgrade close to the strike point for 510 discharges in the campaign 2011 by using the divertor manipulator system. The exposure with a mixture of hydrogen and various impurities leads to blistering. The exposure parameters are comparable to those used in blistering studies under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, spherical dust particles formed by the strong plasma contact were transported and deposited onto the nearly vertically orientated target plates, i.e., the analysed specimen. In subsequent discharges, these particles were partly eroded and a microscopic pattern of layered deposits was formed around them with an elongation rotated ~40° to the projected B field line direction. PACS: 28.52 Fa, 52.40 Hf, 68.37 Hk, 82.80 Ej

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“…In nuclear fusion research, a-C:Me films are used as a model material to study the influence of metal-doping on the reactivity of carbon against hydrogen species (chemical sputtering) [7][8][9] . The formation of metal-containing hydrocarbon layers in fusion devices is a result of simultaneous erosion and redeposition of metallic and carbonbased plasma-facing materials (PFM) 10 . This has great importance for the next-step fusion device ITER 11 , where carbon fibre reinforced carbon, tungsten and beryllium are envisaged as PFM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of doping (Ti, V, Zr, W) and annealing on the sp2 carbon structure of amorphous carbon films

Adelhelm

Balden

Rinke

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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The influence of the transition metal (Ti, V, Zr, W) doping on the carbon matrix nanostructuring during the thin film growth and subsequent annealing is investigated. Pure and metal-doped amorphous carbon films (a-C, a-C:Me) were deposited at room temperature by non-reactive magnetron sputtering. The carbon structure of as-deposited and post-annealed (up to 1300 K) samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy.The existence of graphene-like regions in a-C is concluded from a (10) diffraction peak. A comparison of the XRD and Raman results suggests that XRD probes only the small amount of 2-3 nm large graphene-like regions, whereas the majority of the sp 2 phase is present in smaller distorted aromatic clusters which are probed only by Raman spectroscopy. Annealing leads to an increase of the graphene size and the aromatic cluster size. During the carbon film growth the addition of metals enhances ordering of sp 2 carbon in sixfold aromatic clusters compared to a-C, Ti and Zr showing the strongest effect, W the lowest. This order qualitatively corresponds with the catalytic activity of the respective carbides found during graphitization of carbide-doped graphites published in the literature. With annealing, carbide crystallite formation and growth occurs in a-C:Me films, which destroys the initial carbon structure, reduces the size of the initially formed aromatic clusters and the differences in carbon structure introduced by different dopants. For high annealing temperatures the carbon structure of a-C:Me films is similar to that of a-C, and is determined only by the annealing temperature.2

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The implications of mixed-material plasma-facing surfaces in ITER

Cited by 57 publications

References 61 publications

Erosion/redeposition analysis of the ITER first wall with convective and non-convective plasma transport

Erosion/redeposition analysis of the ITER first wall with convective and non-convective plasma transport

Blistering and re-deposition on tungsten exposed to ASDEX Upgrade divertor plasma

Influence of doping (Ti, V, Zr, W) and annealing on the sp2 carbon structure of amorphous carbon films

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