The Implantation of the Blastocyst and the Development of the Fetal Membranes, Placenta and Decidua

Hamilton, W. J.; Mossman, Harland W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02796-5_5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…). The wall is fully established in membranes in the second trimester when the growing gestational sac reaches the outer limits of the uterine cavity . Prior to this, the exterior of the chorionic sac is covered by the syncytiotrophoblast.…”

Section: Part I Placental Defense Against Infection and Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense and infection of the human placenta

Heerema-McKenney

2018

APMIS

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The placenta functions as a shield against infection of the fetus. The innate and adaptive immune defenses of the developing fetus are poorly equipped to fight infections. Infection by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa may cause infertility, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, growth retardation, anomalies of development, premature delivery, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. However, appreciation of the human microbiome and host cell-microbe interactions must be taken into consideration as we try to determine what interactions are pathologic. Infection is typically recognized histologically by the presence of inflammation. Yet, several factors make comparison of the placenta to other human organs difficult. The placenta comprises tissues from two persons, complicating the role of the immune system. The placenta is a temporary organ. It must be eventually expelled; the processes leading to partuition involve maternal inflammation. What is normal or pathologic may be a function of timing or extent of the process. We now must consider whether bacteria, and even some viruses, are useful commensals or pathogens. Still, recognizing infection of the placenta is one of the most important contributions placental pathologic examination can give to care of the mother and neonate. This review provides a brief overview of placental defense against infection, consideration of the placental microbiome, routes of infection, and the histopathology of amniotic fluid infection and TORCH infections.

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Section: Part I Placental Defense Against Infection and Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense and infection of the human placenta

Heerema-McKenney

2018

APMIS

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show abstract

“…It is known that in the human, implantation and development of tertiary chorionic villi are very rapid processes (Hamilton et al 1945;Knoth and Larsen 1972). Only one sample of early human embryo implantation has been studied ultrastructurally (Knoth and Larsen 1972) and it seems unlikely that further studies at different stages will be carried out directly in the human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrastructural study of early chorionic villus formation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

Smith

Moore

1990

Anat Embryol

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The ultrastructural morphology of developing chorionic villi in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) placenta was studied in pregnant monkeys at known time intervals after ovulation. In samples obtained at 45 days after ovulation the mesoderm, which consists of primitive foetal blood vessels, is seen to extend down into cytotrophoblast columns. Syncytiotrophoblast completely surrounds maternal blood vessels and both basal laminae and endothelial cells of maternal origin show signs of disorganisation and degradation. Syncytiotrophoblast is first observed to breach the maternal circulation in samples collected from animals at 60 days after ovulation; this results in discrete haemochorial villi randomly distributed throughout the placental bed. Samples obtained at 80 days after ovulation and term placental samples (145 days after ovulation) exhibit tertiary haemochorial villi throughout the placenta, similar to those seen randomly distributed at 60 days after ovulation.

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Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy

Campbell

Wathen

Macintosh

et al. 1992

BJOG

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Objective To determine the biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extra‐embryonic coelomic fluid between 8 and 12 weeks gestation. Design Prospective observational study. Subjects 40 women with a normal pregnancy between 7 and 12 weeks gestation having termination of pregnancy. Interventions Before termination the women had a transvaginal ultrasound guided amniocentesis. Pure samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were obtained from each woman and standard biochemical variables were measured in each fluid sample immediately after collection. Results Levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate were significantly higher in amniotic fluid whilst chloride, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine, calcium and phosphate were present in higher concentrations in extraembryonic coelomic fluid. All differences in concentration were significant (P <0.05; unpaired Mest). No relation was demonstrated between electrolyte concentrations in amniotic fluid or coelomic fluid and stage of gestation. Conclusions Amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid have a widely differing biochemical composition. The biological significance of these differences remains unexplained.

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The Implantation of the Blastocyst and the Development of the Fetal Membranes, Placenta and Decidua

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Defense and infection of the human placenta

Defense and infection of the human placenta

An ultrastructural study of early chorionic villus formation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy

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