Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy

Campbell, James B.; Wathen, N. C.; Macintosh, M. C. M.; Cass, P. L.; Chard, Tim; Mainwaring-Burton, R W

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13821.x

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Transcripts encoding 259 SLC transporters were identified (the mean RPKM ranged from 134 to 1). We classified these transporters into 11 main groups on the basis of substrate category (24), i.e., amino acids, urea cycle, glucose, nucleoside sugars, metals, vitamins, neurotransmitters, inorganic ions, thyroid, organic ions, and miscellaneous, and matched them to their main substrates that we and others (21,22,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) have identified in coelomic fluid samples (Table 2). Zinc is the second most abundant trace element and is critical for embryonic development.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq reveals conservation of function among the yolk sacs of human, mouse, and chicken

Cindrová‐Davies

Jauniaux

Elliot

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The yolk sac is phylogenetically the oldest of the extraembryonic membranes. The human embryo retains a yolk sac, which goes through primary and secondary phases of development, but its importance is controversial. Although it is known to synthesize proteins, its transport functions are widely considered vestigial. Here, we report RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for the human and murine yolk sacs and compare those data with data for the chicken. We also relate the human RNA-seq data to proteomic data for the coelomic fluid bathing the yolk sac. Conservation of transcriptomes across the species indicates that the human secondary yolk sac likely performs key functions early in development, particularly uptake and processing of macro-and micronutrients, many of which are found in coelomic fluid. More generally, our findings shed light on evolutionary mechanisms that give rise to complex structures such as the placenta. We identify genetic modules that are conserved across mammals and birds, suggesting these modules are part of the core amniote genetic repertoire and are the building blocks for both oviparous and viviparous reproductive modes. We propose that although a choriovitelline placenta is never established physically in the human, the placental villi, the exocoelomic cavity, and the secondary yolk sac function together as a physiological equivalent.yolk sac | placenta | evolution

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq reveals conservation of function among the yolk sacs of human, mouse, and chicken

Cindrová‐Davies

Jauniaux

Elliot

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, the transvaginal approach of fers a significant technical advantage over the abdominal route and has been used for other indications such as selective reduction and detection of biochemical markers within the amniotic fluid [7,8]. In no instances were we Transvaginal Amniocentesis for Missed Abortion unable to obtain amniotic fluid, even as early as 7 weeks' gestation and from amniotic sacs that were smaller than expected by gestational age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…commun.]. While transvaginal ultra sound has been used successfully to approach the amniot ic sac for selective abortion or sampling amniotic fluid already at 7 weeks of gestation [7,8], it is not being used for amniocentesis. We report here the results of compara tive cytogenetic analysis between transvaginal amniotic MachelleM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvaginal Amniotic Puncture for Cytogenetic Evaluation of Missed Abortions

Zilberstein¹,

Seibel²

1997

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Transvaginal amniotic puncture (TAP) was performed on 20 consecutive missed abortions immediately prior to dilatation and evacuation and the cytogenetic results compared. The information received from products of conception (POC) and TAP was in concordance in only 5 of 20 (25%) cases. Tissue obtained from POC yielded cells in all instances. However, only 3 of 20 POC samples yielded findings other than normal female. In contrast, 92.8% of the conclusive diagnoses would have been achieved by TAP alone. These data strongly suggest that TAP is superior to POC for accurate cytogenetic assessment of missed abortion and should lead to a reevaluation of our current understanding and management of pregnancy loss.

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“…EECF, again by contrast, con¬ tains very high levels of developmental proteins, pro¬ tein hormones and steroids(Wathen et al 1991;Campbell, Wathen, Macintosh et al 1992;…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunit composition of maternal serum and coelomic and amniotic fluids in the first trimester of pregnancy

Iles

Wathen²,

Campbell³

et al. 1992

Journal of Endocrinology

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Sixteen matched samples of first trimester amniotic fluid (AF), extraembryonic coelomic fluid (EECF) and maternal serum (MS) were assayed for intact human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and free subunits. Total beta-hCG (free beta-subunit and intact hCG) levels in the EECF (median 410 kIU/l) were 61 times greater than levels in AF (median 6.73 kIU/l) and 2.8 times greater than in MS (median 141.5 kIU/l). Levels of intact hCG in the EECF (median 245 kIU/l) were 142 times greater than in AF (median 1.73 kIU/l) and 1.6 times greater than in MS (median 157 kIU/l). Free alpha-subunit levels in EECF (median 17.3 mg/l) were 66 times greater than in AF (median 0.262 mg/l) and 12 times greater than in MS (median 1.3 mg/l). Virtually all of the total beta-hCG immunoreactivity in MS can be attributed to intact hCG, but only 60% of total beta-hCG in the EECF and 20% of that in AF can be accounted for by the intact hormone. In both EECF and AF the free alpha-subunit was a major constituent; on a molar basis the ratio of free alpha:free beta:intact hCG was 1:1.2:0.3 in AF, 1:0.6:0.5 in EECF and 1:0:5 in MS. Chromatography of MS, EECF and AF on Sephadex G-100 confirmed the hCG and subunit composition of the fluids. On the basis of these findings it seems likely that previous studies showing very high levels of hCG in AF during the first trimester may have incorrectly sampled the EECF. In reality, the levels of total hCG (and free subunits) are low in the AF, and only 20% is intact hCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy

Cited by 58 publications

References 3 publications

RNA-seq reveals conservation of function among the yolk sacs of human, mouse, and chicken

RNA-seq reveals conservation of function among the yolk sacs of human, mouse, and chicken

Transvaginal Amniotic Puncture for Cytogenetic Evaluation of Missed Abortions

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunit composition of maternal serum and coelomic and amniotic fluids in the first trimester of pregnancy

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