The impairment of flow-mediated vasodilatation in obese men with visceral fat accumulation

Hashimoto, Masayoshi; Akishita, Masahiro; Eto, Masato; Kozaki, Koichi; Ako, Junya; Sugimoto, Noriaki; Yoshizumi, Masao; Toba, Kenji; Ouchi, Yasuyoshi

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800620

Cited by 161 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similar results in central obesity were later reproduced in other resistance and conductance vascular beds using venous occlusion plethysmography and arterial ultrasound (i.e. endothelium-dependent flow mediated vasodilatation) techniques, respectively [Hashimoto et al, 1998;Nestel et al, 1998;Williams et al, 2006].…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Human Obesitysupporting

confidence: 61%

Sympathetic Vascular Tone in Human Obesity

Agapitov

Sinkey

Dopp

et al. 2004

Journal of Hypertension

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Obesity is associated with increased sympathoactivation that elevates arterial pressure. However, the mechanism linking sympathetic activation to arterial pressure is unclear. Specifically, it has never been demonstrated unequivocally that sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is increased in obesity. This project tested the hypothesis that sympathetic vascular tone is increased in obese normotensive and hypertensive subjects.The effect of weight loss on sympathetic vascular tone was also assessed.Sympathetic vascular tone was assessed as forearm vasodilatation to intra-arterial phentolamine (α 1/2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist). Pharmacological responses were correlated with skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (mSNA). Obese subjects with and without hypertension had increased mSNA. However, the vasodilatator response to phentolamine was not augmented in obese normotensive and hypertensive subjects versus lean controls. Additionally, weight loss did not alter phentolamine's vasodilatator response, despite reducing mSNA and arterial pressure in obese groups. These results indicate that sympathetic vascular tone is not increased in obesity despite higher mSNA.These studies also assessed forearm resistance vessel function using intra-arterial nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor) and isoproterenol (β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist). The effects of weight loss on these responses were studied in the obese groups. The response to both vasodilators was blunted, but only in obese hypertensive subjects. Weight loss normalized the response to nitroprusside but not to isoproterenol. This result suggests that obesity-related hypertension is associated with vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, which can be improved by weight loss. Blunted vasodilatation to isoproterenol suggests an abnormality on β 2 -adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanisms that may or may not depend on the endothelium. Also, mental stress-induced forearm vasodilatation was blunted in obese normotensive subjects, which was not normalized by weight loss. 2In conclusion, increased sympathetic nerve activity does not augment forearm sympathetic vascular tone. This dissociation could be due to opposing local factors (e.g. insulin, leptin) or to a different target of limb sympathoactivation (e.g. adipocytes vs. vascular). Sympathetic drive to tissues other than the peripheral circulation may play a more important role in arterial pressure elevation in obesity, either directly or indirectly.Abstract Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________

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Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Human Obesitysupporting

confidence: 61%

Sympathetic Vascular Tone in Human Obesity

Agapitov

Sinkey

Dopp

et al. 2004

Journal of Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…24 Visceral fat has also been associated with impaired endothelial function. 25 These findings suggest that visceral fat is an important risk factor for early atherosclerosis. A lesser sensitivity to lipolytic stimulation may explain a greater tendency for women to accumulate fat in lower body regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of waist and hip circumference with 12-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women

et al. 2007

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that waist and hip circumferences together provide additional information on the progression of preclinical atherosclerosis beyond either of them alone in elderly women. Design: A 12-year follow-up study. Subjects: A population-based sample of 102 women 60-70 years of age at baseline. Measurements: Waist and hip circumferences and body mass index (BMI) were assessed and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was quantified noninvasively by ultrasonography.Results: There was a significant increase in the 12-year carotid IMT progression across the thirds of waist circumference (0.080, 0.277, 0.279 mm, P ¼ 0.02 for difference) and hip circumference (0.030, 0.342, 0.260 mm, P ¼ 0.001 for difference) adjusted for conventional risk factors (age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, serum low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose). The association of waist circumference with IMT progression was not significant after further adjustment for hip circumference or BMI. Further adjustment for waist circumference and BMI did not change the association of hip circumference with IMT progression. The IMT progression was greatest in women with waist circumference 483 cm and hip circumference p98 cm adjusted for conventional risk factors (P ¼ 0.003 for interaction). Conclusion: Not only waist circumference but also hip circumference is associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis during 12 years in elderly women. Women with both a larger waist circumference and a smaller hip circumference had the greatest progression of carotid atherosclerosis.

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“…3 Obesity is also associated with impaired endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). 4 Weight loss can lower blood pressure (BP) thus improving cardiovascular disease risk. 5 Although both obesity and hypertension are associated with impaired endothelial function the evidence that weight loss improves FMD is contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with obesity and there is evidence that weight loss has positive effects on cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of this study were to compare meal replacements (MR) with a conventional low-fat diet as weight loss strategies and to examine the effect of weight loss on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and other markers of endothelial function in overweight Australians with raised triglycerides (TG) (42 mmol/l). RESEARCH METHODS: Subjects matched for age, gender, fasting plasma TG and body mass index were randomized to two low-fat high-carbohydrate weight loss strategies (both o6000 kJ), one using MR and the other a structured eating plan, control (C). Subjects followed both diets for 3 months. In total, 55 subjects completed the study. FMD, pulse wave velocity and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and at 3 months, as were fasting blood samples for lipids, glucose, insulin, C reactive protein (CRP) and endothelium-derived factors. RESULTS: Mean weight loss was 6.373.7 kg (6.074.2 vs 6.6373.35 kg, MR vs C) with no difference between diet groups. TG, insulin, CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1) fell after weight loss, but FMD did not change. Systolic BP fell by 8 mmHg and pulse wave velocity improved. DISCUSSION: In subjects with elevated TG, weight loss resulted in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk markers, particularly endothelium-derived factors (PAI-1 and sICAM1). However, FMD did not improve with weight loss.

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The impairment of flow-mediated vasodilatation in obese men with visceral fat accumulation

Cited by 161 publications

References 39 publications

Sympathetic Vascular Tone in Human Obesity

Sympathetic Vascular Tone in Human Obesity

Association of waist and hip circumference with 12-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women

Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets

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