The Impact on Emissions When an Engine Is Run on Fuel with a High Heavy Alcohol Content

Sitnik, Lech; Sroka, Zbigniew; Andrych-Zalewska, Monika

doi:10.3390/en14010041

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As mentioned in EU strategic documents, diesel vehicles will be used at least until 2050 [28]. The results of transport means emissivity are also affected by the conditions and type of the tests carried out.…”

Section: Research Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator Method for Determining the Emissivity of Road Transport Means from the Point of Supplied Energy

Pryciński,

Wawryszczuk,

Korzeb

et al. 2023

Energies

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Recently, many activities have been undertaken to reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment, e.g., using propulsion sources and consumed energy. Electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming more and more popular. Methods of measuring the emissivity of the means of transport as well as devices for determining measurements are being developed. This work presents an indicator method (IM) for determining the emissivity of road transport, while omitting the use of quite complicated and expensive research equipment. For typical road vehicles, it is possible to determine the emissivity means of transport, taking into account statistical data. The values of the indicators selected, based on statistical data analysis, were verified by comparing their values with the results of the actual emissivity of air pollutants. As part of the research work, the emissivity values of selected means of transport in a distribution company were determined using the IM method. The results were compared with the actual emissivity measurements. The method of indicative determination of emissivity makes it possible to estimate the initial emissivity level, knowing the type of vehicle and the distance performed as part of the transport work. Thanks to a simple and uncomplicated method, delivery planning can become more sustainable, and the selection of less emissive means of transport can contribute to reducing the negative impact of transportation on the environment.

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Section: Research Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator Method for Determining the Emissivity of Road Transport Means from the Point of Supplied Energy

Pryciński,

Wawryszczuk,

Korzeb

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…The conducted empirical research concerning the analysis of the harmful substances concentrations in the exhaust gas cloud behind the test vehicle equipped with a spark ignition engine was an approach to the problem of assessing exhaust emissions from moving vehicles [12,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The summary of the relative exhaust gas dispersion behind the vehicle for both stationary and dynamic tests was presented in Table 5.…”

Section: Analysis Of Exhaust Gas Concentrations In the Cloud Behind Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Harmful Exhaust Gas Concentrations in Cloud behind a Vehicle with a Spark Ignition Engine

et al. 2021

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The article presents issues related to the assessment of concentrations of harmful substances in the exhaust gas cloud behind the vehicle. In the theoretical part, considerations about the harmfulness of exhaust gases and methods of detection of chemical compounds were made, and the issues of von Karman vortices and the Lambert-Beer law were referred to. The test object was a vehicle equipped with an SI engine meeting the Euro 3 standard. The drive unit had a capacity of 2.8 dm3, a rated power reaching 142 kW at 5500 rpm and a maximum torque of 280 Nm at 3500 rpm. The measurements of the dilution of the exhaust gas cloud behind the vehicle were made in stationary conditions (laboratory) and during actual operation in the Poznań agglomeration. In the research, technically advanced equipment from the PEMS group was used. In the analysis of the obtained results, detailed considerations were made regarding the influence of the location of the measuring probe in relation to the exhaust system. As can be seen from the obtained dependencies, the vehicle motion is favorable for the assessment of concentrations behind a moving object, because the ecological indicators at successive distances behind the exhaust system achieve better parameters in most points than in a stationary test.

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“…However, this solution presents drawbacks adversely affecting advancements in this area; these include long charging times, a lack of charging infrastructure, short range compared to internal combustion engines and the high cost of these vehicles [7]. As a result, compression-ignition engines are still widely used in transport, construction machinery and agriculture [8]. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research in order to reduce the pollution generated by the combustion of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualisation Testing of the Vertex Angle of the Spray Formed by Injected Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends

Krzemiński,

Ustrzycki

2024

Energies

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The internal combustion engine continues to be the main source of power in various modes of transport and industrial machines. This is due to its numerous advantages, such as easy adaptability, high efficiency, reliability and low fuel consumption. Despite these beneficial qualities of internal combustion engines, growing concerns are related to their negative environmental impacts. As a result, environmental protection has become a major factor determining advancements in the automotive industry in recent years, with the search for alternative fuels being one of the priorities in research and development activities. Among these, fuels of plant origin, mainly alcohols, are attracting a lot of attention due to their high oxygen content (around 35%). These fuels differ from diesel oil, for instance, in kinematic viscosity and density, which can affect the formation of the fuel spray and, consequently, the proper functioning of the compression–ignition engine, as well as the performance and purity of the exhaust gases emitted into the environment. The process of spray formation in direct injection compression–ignition engines is extremely complicated and requires detailed analysis of the fast-changing variables. This explains the need for using complicated research equipment enabling visualisation tests and making it possible to gain a more accurate understanding of the processes that take place. The present article aims to present the methodology for alternative fuel visualisation tests. To achieve this purpose, sprays formed by diesel–ethanol blends were recorded. A visualisation chamber and a high-speed camera were used for this purpose. The acquired video provided the material for the analysis of the changes in the vertex angle of the spray formed by the fuel blends. The test was carried out under reproducible conditions in line with the test methodology. The shape of the fuel spray is impacted by an increase in the proportional content of ethanol in the diesel and dodecanol blend. Based on the present findings, it is possible to note that the values of the vertex angle in the spray produced by the diesel–ethanol blend with the addition of dodecanol are most similar to those produced by diesel oil at an injection pressure of 100 MPa. The proposed methodology enables an analysis of the injection process based on the spray macrostructure parameters, and it can be applied in the testing of alternative fuels.

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The Impact on Emissions When an Engine Is Run on Fuel with a High Heavy Alcohol Content

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Indicator Method for Determining the Emissivity of Road Transport Means from the Point of Supplied Energy

Indicator Method for Determining the Emissivity of Road Transport Means from the Point of Supplied Energy

Analysis of Harmful Exhaust Gas Concentrations in Cloud behind a Vehicle with a Spark Ignition Engine

Visualisation Testing of the Vertex Angle of the Spray Formed by Injected Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends

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