The impact of uptake, translocation and metabolism on the differential selectivity between blackgrass and wheat for the herbicide pyroxsulam

deBoer, Gerrit J.; Thornburgh, Scott; Gilbert, Jeff J.; Gast, Roger E.

doi:10.1002/ps.2062

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Em culturas tolerantes, a detoxificação dos herbicidas inibidores da acetolacto sintase (ALS) é considerado o principal mecanismo envolvido (Yu e Powles, 2014). Para o piroxsulam, a seletividade no trigo ocorre por absorção e translocação diferencial, além de rápido metabolismo pela P450 através de O-dealquilação do anel aromático na posição 5 do carbono (DeBoer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Seletividade de associações e doses de herbicidas em pós emergência do trigo

et al. 2017

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Resumo -As principais plantas daninhas encontradas na cultura do trigo são o nabo e o azevém, e seu controle em pós-emergência é baseado em herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase (ALS) e acetil coenzima A carboxilase (ACCase) que, em função da resistência, limita as opções de controle. Associações de herbicidas têm sido utilizadas em pós-emergência do trigo, porém, seus efeitos na cultura são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de associações de herbicidas e doses aplicados em pós-emergência do trigo. Foram realizados três experimentos a campo em sistema de semeadura direta, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos municípios de Santa Bárbara do Sul-RS, Cruz Alta-RS e Tupanciretã-RS. Foram estudadas doses e associações entre os herbicidas 2,4-D, metsulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron, piroxsulam e saflufenacil aplicados no perfilhamento do trigo. As variáveis avaliadas foram fitotoxicidade aos sete, 14, 21 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA), rendimento de grãos (kg ha -1 ) e peso hectolitro dos grãos de trigo (PH), sendo os dados dos três experimentos analisados de forma conjunta. Aos 35 DAA as maiores fitotoxicidades foram observadas para metsulfuron-methyl na dose de 9 g i.a. ha -1 e para saflufenacil associado ao metsulfuron-methyl. Os resultados de rendimento de grãos demonstraram que a associação entre 2,4-D e metsulfuron-methyl, saflufenacil isolado ou associado à metsulfuron-methyl e o iodosulfuron-methyl foram seletivos para o trigo. O aumento da dose de metsulfuron-methyl (6 e 9 g i.a. ha -1 ) e a dose de registro de piroxsulam causaram redução significativa na rendimento de grãos de grãos de trigo na média dos três experimentos. O PH dos grãos de trigo não foi influenciado pelos herbicidas estudados. Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum, mistura de herbicidas, mistura em tanque, resistência Abstract -The main weeds in wheat are wild radish and ryegrass, and its post-emergence control is based on herbicides inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxase (ACCase), which as a function of resistance limits the control options. Herbicide combinations have been used for post-emergence of wheat; however, the effects of herbicidal combinations are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of Piasecki et al. Rev. Bras. Herb., v.16, n.4, p.286-295, out./dez. 2017 287

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Seletividade de associações e doses de herbicidas em pós emergência do trigo

et al. 2017

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“…Slight variations have been observed in the group-classification system in scientific publications but those are of minor concern. The mechanism of the action of herbicides for killing a weed is well understood and requires that, in order for it to be effective, the herbicide must undergo the following processes, in the sequential order, listed below [51] and also as illustrated in Figure 2:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Sherwani¹,

Arif²,

Khan³

2015

Herbicides, Physiology of Action, and Safety

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The mode of action of herbicides is important for understanding the management, classification, organization, and hierarchy of the herbicides. It also provides an insight into herbicide resistance, which continues to be a problem in sustainable agricultural management. The overuse of herbicides, just like other pesticides such as insecticides, has led to increased development of resistance among weeds, causing injury and destruction of useful plants in agriculture, land management, and other related industries. This chapter focuses on the main theme while providing in-depth analysis of the different modes of action of various classes of herbicides. The modes of action of herbicides are as variable as their chemical compositions as they focus on controlling susceptible plants through various biochemical means. Depending upon the specific mode of action at work, it may involve a plant enzyme or a biological system that the herbicide may interrupt, thus injuring or disrupting the regular plant growth and development and causing eventual plant death. Having an in-depth knowledge of the mode of action of herbicides is important in choosing a specific herbicide for a specific crop, understanding the injury symptoms, and devising an appropriate crop-management strategy.

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“…When chlorpyrifos and pyroxsulam were applied on the same day, wheat chlorosis was greatest at 7 DAHT (16%) and 14 DAHT (10 to 18%); 2 to 10 times higher compared to pyroxsulam alone. Wheat usually metabolizes pyroxsulam rapidly to a less active O-dealkylation product (5). However, organophosphate insecticides are known to inhibit herbicide metabolism in crops (3,10,11), thus causing greater concentration of active herbicide in the plant tissue for longer than normal, resulting in crop injury.…”

Section: Leaf Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroxsulam and Chlorpyrifos Applied the Same Day Injures Wheat

2012

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Field experiments were conducted in northwestern Kansas for two years to determine the effect of chlorpyrifos application timing on winter wheat response to pyroxsulam applied postemergence. Pyroxsulam at 18.4 g ai/ha was applied in spring when wheat was 10 to 15 cm tall. Chlorpyrifos at 260 g ai/ha was applied 3 or 7 days before, and 3 or 7 days after pyroxsulam application. Also a treatment of pyroxsulam and chlorpyrifos applied on the same day was included. When pyroxsulam and chlorpyrifos were applied on the same day, wheat leaf injury was greatest at 7 days after herbicide treatment (DAHT) (16%) and 14 DAHT (10 to 18%). This was 2 to 10 times higher than the injury caused by pyroxsulam applied alone. Same day application of pyroxsulam and chlorpyrifos also reduced plant height by 8% at 21 DAHT and delayed 50% heading by one day compared to pyroxsulam alone. Chlorpyrifos applied 3 to 7 days before or after pyroxsulam application caused similar or slightly higher leaf injury and growth reduction compared to pyroxsulam alone. Grain yields were not adversely affected by any treatment. To avoid crop injury, at least a 3‐day interval between pyroxsulam and chlorpyrifos applications is desirable.

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The impact of uptake, translocation and metabolism on the differential selectivity between blackgrass and wheat for the herbicide pyroxsulam

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Seletividade de associações e doses de herbicidas em pós emergência do trigo

Seletividade de associações e doses de herbicidas em pós emergência do trigo

Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Pyroxsulam and Chlorpyrifos Applied the Same Day Injures Wheat

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