Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Sherwani, Shariq Ibrahim; Arif, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Haseeb A.

doi:10.5772/61779

Cited by 65 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Upon contact with the plant foliage these herbicides act by penetrating and destroying the cell lipid bilayer leading to the breakdown of the cell membranes-i.e. they are cell membrane disruptors (Sherwani et al 2015). These are non-selective herbicides and are also known as PSI electron diverters as they accept electrons from PSI and, in the process generate herbicide radicals.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral VNIR-spectroscopy and imagery as a tool for monitoring herbicide damage in wilding conifers

et al. 2019

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Wilding conifers, the naturally regenerated scions of exotic conifer species, are a major ecological and economic issue in New Zealand. Hyperspectral imagery could provide a useful means of monitoring the efficacy of wilding control measures but little research has examined this possibility. Data were collected from an experiment, that included thirty-nine young Pinus contorta (Douglas) trees allocated to a control and two herbicide treatments (triclopyr butoxyethyl ester and diquat dibromide monohydrate). The objectives of this research were to examine the temporal impacts of herbicide on needle discolouration, spectral properties and tree physiology and to develop models to predict photosynthetic parameters from hyperspectral data. In accordance with obvious discolouration on the first day after treatment, values of net photosynthesis rate (A), electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (G) and optimal quantum yield of photosystem II (F v /F m) declined rapidly for plants treated with diquat. Discolouration following application of triclopyr was not evident before the second week, and values of A, ETR, G and F v /F m declined slower than those of diquat. Of the tested narrow-band spectral indices calculated from needle spectra photochemical reflectance index (PRI) exhibited the strongest correlation with the four photosynthetic parameters and R 2 values between PRI and A, F v / F m , ETR and G were, respectively, 0.53, 0.46, 0.68 and 0.29. Models that used raw spectra as inputs showed that sparse partial least squares (SPLS) outperformed the three other approaches tested (PLS, Support Vector Machines, Elastic Net) and R 2 values using this approach for A, F v /F m , ETR and G were, respectively, 0.64, 0.62, 0.65 and 0.42.

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Section: Plant Materials and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral VNIR-spectroscopy and imagery as a tool for monitoring herbicide damage in wilding conifers

et al. 2019

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“…There is a wide diversity of herbicides that have been synthesized to attack specific biochemical targets in plants. In an attempt to classify herbicides by mode of action, a system of 22 different categories is often used (Sherwani et al 2015). Here we present a simplified classification specifying only eight categories (Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary 2019; Table 2).…”

Section: Mode Of Action Of Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers

Vonk

Kraak

2020

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the current state of science concerning herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. To this end we assessed the open literature, revealing the widespread presence of (mixtures of) herbicides, inevitably leading to the exposure of non-target primary producers. Yet, herbicide concentrations show strong temporal and spatial variations. Concerning herbicide toxicity, it was concluded that the most sensitive as well as the least sensitive species differed per herbicide and that the observed effect concentrations for some herbicides were rather independent from the exposure time. More extensive ecotoxicity testing is required, especially considering macrophytes and marine herbicide toxicity. Hence, it was concluded that the largest knowledge gap concerns the effects of sediment-associated herbicides on primary producers in the marine/estuarine environment. Generally, there is no actual risk of waterborne herbicides to aquatic primary producers. Still, median concentrations of atrazine and especially of diuron measured in China, the USA and Europe represented moderate risks for primary producers. Maximum concentrations due to misuse and accidents may even cause the exceedance of almost 60% of the effect concentrations plotted in SSDs. Using bioassays to determine the effect of contaminated water and sediment and to identify the herbicides of concern is a promising addition to chemical analysis, especially for the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides using photosynthesis as endpoint in the bioassays. This review concluded that to come to a reliable herbicide hazard and risk assessment, an extensive catch-up must be made concerning macrophytes, the marine environment and especially sediment as overlooked and understudied environmental compartments.

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“…Isoxaben and chlorpyrifos did not affect the SPAD chlorophyll index, but oxyfluorfen reduced chlorophyll index for Hydrangea and Cornus. Oxyfluorfen is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, and in the presence of light, this herbicide produces reactive oxygen species that break down chlorophyll and organelle membranes [45]. Chlorophyll fluorescence can be an early indicator of pesticide damage and has been used to predict herbicide damage for various taxa [46,47].…”

Section: Growth and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Phytotoxicity of Pesticides in Simulated Nursery Runoff on Landscape Nursery Plants

Poudyal

Fernandez

Owen

et al. 2019

Water

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Managers of ornamental nurseries are increasingly reusing runoff water as an irrigation source, but residual pesticides in recycled water may result in plant phytotoxicity on crop plants. Our study focused on understanding the responses of container-grown landscape plants to residual pesticides in irrigation water. Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’, Cornus obliqua ‘Powell garden’, and Hosta ‘Gold standard’ were exposed to various concentrations of isoxaben, chlorpyrifos, and oxyfluorfen (0, 0.15, 0.35, 0.7, and 1.4 mg/L of isoxaben; 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/L of chlorpyrifos; and 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 mg/L of oxyfluorfen) applied as overhead irrigation. After three months of application, we assessed the dry weight biomass, growth, and parameters related to photosynthetic physiology (SPAD chlorophyll index, light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthesis carbon dioxide response (A/Ci) curves. We also sampled plant leaf, stem, and root tissues for residual pesticides. The effects of the pesticides were pesticide-specific and taxa-specific. Exposure to oxyfluorfen resulted in visible injury in all three taxa and reduced total biomass, chlorophyll index, and photosynthesis in Hydrangea and Hosta. All three taxa absorbed and retained pesticides in leaf and stem tissues. Growers should follow best management practices to reduce exposure from irrigation with runoff, particularly for herbicides with post-emergent activity.

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Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Cited by 65 publications

References 109 publications

Hyperspectral VNIR-spectroscopy and imagery as a tool for monitoring herbicide damage in wilding conifers

Hyperspectral VNIR-spectroscopy and imagery as a tool for monitoring herbicide damage in wilding conifers

Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers

Dose-Dependent Phytotoxicity of Pesticides in Simulated Nursery Runoff on Landscape Nursery Plants

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