The Impact of Unemployment on Health: A Review of the Evidence

Jin, Robert; Shah, Chandravadan; Svoboda, Tomislav

doi:10.2307/3343311

Cited by 332 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The results of this research are generally supportive of those of a number of population-level studies [Brenner, 1983;Ahmed et al, 1989;Franks et al, 1991;Brackbill et al, 1995;Jin et al, 1995;Weber and Lehnert, 1997] which reported cross-sectional associations between employment rates and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular mortality. It is more difficult to relate our findings to those reported in individual-level longitudinal studies [Kasl and Cobb, 1980;Iversen et al, 1989;Janlert, 1992;Schnall et al, 1992], which are far fewer, and whose results are somewhat equivocal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from The Health and Retirement Survey

Gallo

Bradley

Falba

et al. 2004

American J Industrial Med

110

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Background The role of stress in the development of cardiovascular disease is well established. Previous research has demonstrated that involuntary job loss in the years immediately preceding retirement can be a stressful life event shown to produce adverse changes in physical and affective health. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke associated with involuntary job loss among workers nearing retirement in the United States. MethodsWe used multivariable survival analysis to analyze data from the first four waves of the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), a nationally representative sample of older individuals in the US. The analytic sample includes 457 workers who experienced job loss and a comparison group of 3,763 employed individuals. ResultsThe results indicate that involuntary job loss is not associated with subsequent risk of MI (adjusted HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 0.91, 3.93); the risk of subsequent stroke associated with involuntary job loss is more than double (adjusted HR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.01, 6.94).Conclusions Our findings present new data to suggest that involuntary job loss should be considered as a plausible risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illness among older workers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from The Health and Retirement Survey

Gallo

Bradley

Falba

et al. 2004

American J Industrial Med

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sullivan and von Wachter (2006, using administrative data from two US states, estimate a 15-20% excess risk of death in the 20 years following a job loss. Eliason and Storrie (2009) provide similar evidence 8 Cook (1985), Morris and Cook (1991) and Jin et al (1995) survey the early literature. Platt (1984) documents the effects of unemployment on suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 69%

The public health costs of job loss

Kühn

Lalive

Zweimüller

2009

Journal of Health Economics

172

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We study the short-run effect of involuntary job loss on comprehensive measures of public health costs. We focus on job loss induced by plant closure, thereby addressing the reverse causality problem as job displacements due to plant closure are unlikely caused by workers' health status, but potentially have important effects on individual workers' health and associated public health costs. Our empirical analysis is based on a rich data set from Austria providing comprehensive information on various types of health care costs and day-by-day work history at the individual level. Our central findings are: (i) overall expenditures on medical treatments are not strongly affected by job displacement; (ii) job loss significantly increases expenditures for antidepressants and related drugs, as well as for hospitalizations due to mental health problems for men (but not for women) although the effects are economically rather small; and (iii) sickness benefits strongly increase due to job loss. The Public Health Costs of Job LossAndreas Kuhn, University of Zurich and IZA * Rafael Lalive, University of Lausanne, CEPR, CESifo, and IZA Josef Zweimüller, University of Zurich, CEPR, CESifo, and IZA September 2009Abstract We study the short-run effect of involuntary job loss on comprehensive measures of public health costs. We focus on job loss induced by plant closure, thereby addressing the reverse causality problem as job displacements due to plant closure are unlikely caused by workers' health status, but potentially have important effects on individual workers' health and associated public health costs. Our empirical analysis is based on a rich data set from Austria providing comprehensive information on various types of health care costs and day-by-day work history at the individual level. Our central findings are: (i) overall expenditures on medical treatments are not strongly affected by job displacement; (ii) job loss significantly increases expenditures for antidepressants and related drugs, as well as for hospitalizations due to mental health problems for men (but not for women) although the effects are economically rather small; and (iii) sickness benefits strongly increase due to job loss. JEL classification: I12, I19, J28, J65 Keywords: Social cost of unemployment, health, job loss, plant closure * We thank the editor, Andrew Street, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Official rates underestimate the true extent of unemployment as they do not include persons who have stopped looking for work and have left the labor force or those who desire full-time work but are only working part-time (20). This later group can be referred to as being "underemployed" (20). The adverse effects of lack of full-time work may differ in groups of unemployed persons, those who have left the labor force due to an inability to find work or are only working parttime.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lack of full-time employment on attempted suicide in Manitoba, Canada

Kraut

Walld²

2003

Scand J Work Environ Health

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The Impact of Unemployment on Health: A Review of the Evidence

Abstract: Objective: To review the scientific evidence supporting an association between unemployment and adverse health outcomes and to assess the evidence on the basis of the epidemiologic criteria for causation.

Cited by 332 publications

References 43 publications

Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from The Health and Retirement Survey

Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from The Health and Retirement Survey

The public health costs of job loss

Influence of lack of full-time employment on attempted suicide in Manitoba, Canada

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