The Impact of the Academic Achievement Gap on the African American Family

Leach, Monica T.; Williams, Sheara A.

doi:10.1300/j137v15n02_04

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Department of Justice, 2010). Compared to Whites, Blacks are also less likely to graduate from high school, especially during the time period examined in the present study (Leach & Williams, 2007), to gain and maintain steady employment (Fairlie & Sundstrom, 1999), and to marry (Franklin, Smith, & McMiller, 1995).…”

Section: Childhood Neglect and Race Or Ethnic Differences In Consequementioning

confidence: 69%

Do the Long-Term Consequences of Neglect Differ for Children of Different Races and Ethnic Backgrounds?

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scant research has examined how children of different races or ethnic backgrounds manifest consequences of neglect. We examined multiple domains of functioning (academic/intellectual, social/behavioral, and psychiatric), three theories (racial invariance, double jeopardy, and resilience), and potential confounding variables. Children with documented cases of neglect (ages 0-11) and matched controls without such histories were followed up and interviewed in adulthood (N = 1,039). The sample was 47.3% female, 62.4% White, 34.3% Black, and 3.4% Hispanic. Black and White neglected children showed negative consequences for IQ, reading ability, and occupational status compared to controls. Compared to same race and ethnic group controls, neglected White children showed extensive mental health consequences, Black children showed more anxiety and dysthymia, and Hispanic children showed increased risk for alcohol problems. Black and White neglected children differed in risk for violence compared to same race controls: Neglected Black children were arrested for violence two times more often than Black controls, whereas neglected White children were more likely than White controls to report engaging in violence. Findings provide some support for each theory (racial invariance, double jeopardy, and resilience). Understanding the factors that account for similarities and differences in consequences requires further investigation. Implications for research and policy are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Childhood Neglect and Race Or Ethnic Differences In Consequementioning

confidence: 69%

Do the Long-Term Consequences of Neglect Differ for Children of Different Races and Ethnic Backgrounds?

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is debate about whether higher unemployment rates among Blacks are due to lower educational attainment, institutional racism, or a combination of these factors. Leach and Williams (2007) suggest that both historic and current social inequalities may lead to a developmental and life-course gap between Blacks and Whites across generations.…”

Section: Child Abuse and Neglect And Developmental Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Abuse and Neglect, Developmental Role Attainment, and Adult Arrests

Allwood

Widom

2013

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines whether developmental role attainment in three areas (high school graduation, employment, and marriage) mediates the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and adult arrest. Children with documented cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect (before age 11) and a comparison group of nonabused or neglected children were matched on age, sex, race, and approximate socioeconomic status (N ¼ 1,169) and followed-up and interviewed at approximate age 29. Arrest records were collected from law enforcement agencies. Childhood abuse and neglect predicted decreased likelihood of graduating from high school, current employment, and current marriage and greater likelihood of juvenile and adult arrest. Each of these developmental roles partially mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and adult arrest. The importance of these three developmental milestones and implications of the results for intervening with abused and neglected youth are discussed.

show abstract

“…They also score significantly lower than Whites on various measures of academic achievement at the primary, secondary, and postsecondary education levels. The literature suggests that this trajectory gap begins prior to school entry, continues to manifest itself across the entire life span, and is then transmitted to the next generation (Leach & Williams, ). Other factors contributing to African American health disparity are poorer lifestyle choices and unhealthy or risky behaviors, along with living at the poverty level (inadequate financial resources) and environmental factors such as poorer neighborhoods and pollution exposures (Baldwin, ; Williams, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%