The impact of soil compaction on soil aeration and fine root density of Quercus palustris

Watson, Gary; Kelsey, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2005.08.001

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2). Similar results for silt loam soil were obtained by Watson and Kelsey (2006), who reported a significant increase in soil compaction in the layer up to 15 cm (5.9 inches) deep, as a result of the passing of machines.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) under a forest canopy

Kormanek

Banach

Leńczuk

2016

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In the study, the influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) was evaluated; the soil compaction being measured using a cone penetrometer. The studies were conducted under a forest canopy, where the exploratory units with different soil compactions exerting a unit pressure of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kPa, as well as the control units (without pressure), were prepared. Selected units were sown with seeds of silver fir, and from the remaining units, the soil samples were collected and their compaction measured using a cone penetrometer. After 5 months, the seedlings were collected and their growth analyzed. Increasing the unit pressure resulted in soil compaction characterized by the compaction in the layer up to 15 cm, in which the roots of the growing seedlings were found. Different variants of the pressure significantly affected the analyzed parameters of seedlings. Negative and statistically significant correlation was reported between increasing compaction of the soil, the length of the primary root, and the total length of seedlings (-0.46 and -0.35, respectively), while the positive correlation was found for the length of the stem (+0.32). Similarly, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the increased soil compaction and the dry weight of the root system (-0.29), and positive correlation in the case of the stem dry weight (0.26). Increasing soil compaction, however, did not affect significantly the size of assimilation apparatus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) under a forest canopy

Kormanek

Banach

Leńczuk

2016

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“…Another factor to be considered when deciding which tree species should be planted in an urban location is the projected future climate (Roloff, Korn & Gillner 2009). Many urban trees already suffer stress and reduced growth rates because of rising levels of atmospheric pollutants, increasing temperatures as a consequence of heat island effects, restricted rooting space and lack of water availability because of soil compaction and impervious surfaces (Freedman 1995; Gregg, Jones & Dawson 2003; Mansell 2003; Quigley 2004; Watson & Kelsey 2006; Wilby & Perry 2006). This situation is likely to be further exacerbated in the coming years as, for example, UK climate change scenarios broadly predict hotter, drier summers with more extreme weather events (Hulme et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping an urban ecosystem service: quantifying above‐ground carbon storage at a city‐wide scale

Davies¹,

Edmondson²,

Heinemeyer³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

422

220

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Summary1. Despite urbanization being a major driver of land-use change globally, there have been few attempts to quantify and map ecosystem service provision at a city-wide scale. One service that is an increasingly important feature of climate change mitigation policies, and with other potential benefits, is biological carbon storage. 2. We examine the quantities and spatial patterns of above-ground carbon stored in a typical British city, Leicester, by surveying vegetation across the entire urban area. We also consider how carbon density differs in domestic gardens, indicative of bottom-up management of private green spaces by householders, and public land, representing top-down landscape policies by local authorities. Finally, we compare a national ecosystem service map with the estimated quantity and distribution of above-ground carbon within our study city.3. An estimated 231 521 tonnes of carbon is stored within the above-ground vegetation of Leicester, equating to 3AE16 kg C m )2 of urban area, with 97AE3% of this carbon pool being associated with trees rather than herbaceous and woody vegetation. 4. Domestic gardens store just 0AE76 kg C m )2 , which is not significantly different from herbaceous vegetation landcover (0AE14 kg C m )2 ). The greatest above-ground carbon density is 28AE86 kg C m )2 , which is associated with areas of tree cover on publicly owned ⁄ managed sites. 5. Current national estimates of this ecosystem service undervalue Leicester's contribution by an order of magnitude. 6. Synthesis and applications. The UK government has recently set a target of an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, from 1990 levels, by 2050. Local authorities are central to national efforts to cut carbon emissions, although the reductions required at city-wide scales are yet to be set. This has led to a need for reliable data to help establish and underpin realistic carbon emission targets and reduction trajectories, along with acceptable and robust policies for meeting these goals. Here, we illustrate the potential benefits of accounting for, mapping and appropriately managing aboveground vegetation carbon stores, even within a typical densely urbanized European city.

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“…This result suggests that compaction affects below-ground development following emergence, and it has a more immediate and stronger effect on root rather than shoot system development. However, such effects are still detectable during later growth stages, as observed for 1-year-old pedunculate oak seedlings (Cambi, Hoshika, et al, 2017) as well as other Quercus species (Bejarano, Villar, Murillo, & Quero, 2010;Cubera et al, 2009;Watson & Kelsey, 2006). A reduction in root elongation was observed in studies conducted on other species, for example, Fraxinus angustifolia (Alameda & Villar, 2012), Eucalyptus species (Misra & Gibbons, 1996;Gaitàn & Peinòn, 2003), and conifers (Blouin et al, 2008;Heilman, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

et al. 2018

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Logging operations using heavy machinery effect changes in soil characteristics due to compaction; such conditions can negatively influence seedling development. In stands managed on the basis of close‐to‐nature silviculture or continuous cover forestry, successful establishment of natural regeneration after logging is important to ensure the proper functioning of a forest ecosystem, to promote soil recovery, and to prevent and mitigate land degradation processes (such as soil erosion, mudflow, waterlogging, and landslides) related to soil compaction and rutting. This work aimed to assess the early response of Quercus robur seedlings to soil compaction during the first 1.5 months after germination. The study was carried out in a controlled environment using 8 L containers filled with natural alluvial soil. Three levels of soil compaction were applied in a laboratory using a compression‐testing machine placed on the top surface of the soil in the containers. The morphological traits of the seedling shoot and root systems were analysed to compare 3 compaction levels. There were significant differences in seedling traits among the treatments, and they indicated that increasing levels of compaction reduced early seedling growth after emergence. Compaction had a larger impact on the root system, particularly the development at depth (root system depth, and main root length), compared with the shoot system. Our results suggest that compaction affects seedling root system growth following the first growth stages after germination; thus, compaction represents an additional critical factor for seedling establishment, particularly in environments where early growth is crucial for overcoming the dry season.

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The impact of soil compaction on soil aeration and fine root density of Quercus palustris

Cited by 61 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) under a forest canopy

Influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) under a forest canopy

Mapping an urban ecosystem service: quantifying above‐ground carbon storage at a city‐wide scale

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

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