The impact of sleep quality and duration on leptin, appetite, and obesity indices in adults

Abstract

BACKGROUND Poor sleep duration and quality were previously reported to increase the risk of obesity. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep quality and duration on leptin, appetite, and adiposity in Indonesian adults.
 METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2016. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, appetite was evaluated using the community nutrition appetite questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed by interviews using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Sleep duration was also asked. Obesity indices were measured using the body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, and percentage of body fat. Leptin was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Spearman analysis was done to evaluate the correlation between sleep quality, sleep duration, anthropometric measures, dietary intake, appetite, and leptin.
 RESULTS 244 adults participated in this study. This study showed that lower sleep quality and duration was significantly correlated with higher body weight (r = 0.129, p = 0.043 and r = −0.228, p<0.001), BMI (r = 0.176, p = 0.006 and r = −0.202, p = 0.001), and waist circumference (r = 0.179, p = 0.005 and r = −0.254, p<0.001). There was a correlation between poor sleep quality and higher leptin concentration (r = 0.186, p = 0.004). Sleep quality and duration were not associated with appetite (r = 0.109, p = 0.109 and r = −0.043, p = 0.500).
 CONCLUSIONS This study found that lower sleep quality was correlated with higher BMI, higher leptin concentration, but not appetite.

Hubungan Asupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro serta Durasi Tidur dengan Status Gizi Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga selama Kuliah Online

“…A study by Wang (2018) explained that short sleep duration could increase a person's appetite due to changes in the secretion of hunger and satiety hormones 36 . Moreover, short sleep duration could also increase a person's tendency to consume unhealthy foods, including sugary drinks, fast food, instant noodles, and confectionery products, and decrease the consumption of vegetables, fruit, and milk 37 . The impact of not following the sleep duration recommendations can increase the size of a person's waist circumference, which is one of the indicators to determine the risk of various cardiovascular diseases 38 .…”

Association between sleep quality with overweight/obesity and other factors among adults in indonesia post-COVID-19 pandemic

“…Previous studies have suggested that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for obesity and being overweight (Abdallah et al, 2021;Muhammad et al, 2020). One of the ways that short sleep duration can lead to obesity is that it is associated with higher energy intake caused by the increased consumption of high-saturated fat food.…”