The impact of severity, course and duration of depression on olfactory function

Pabel, Luise; Hummel, Thomas; Weidner, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.033

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, there is some evidence in animal models that odors can reduce depressive behaviors (Nakatomi et al, 2008). Note, however, that depression is associated with reduced olfactory abilities, especially after prolonged depression, and that loss of smell itself induces depression (Kohli et al, 2016;Pabel et al, 2018). Thus, the same caveats apply here as mentioned with anxiety treatment.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Kontaris¹,

East

Wilson

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The affective state is the combination of emotion and mood, with mood reflecting a running average of sequential emotional events together with an underlying internal affective state. There is now extensive evidence that odors can overtly or subliminally modulate mood and emotion. Relying primarily on neurobiological literature, here we review what is known about how odors can affect emotions/moods and how emotions/moods may affect odor perception. We take the approach that form can provide insight into function by reviewing major brain regions and neural circuits underlying emotion and mood, and then reviewing the olfactory pathway in the context of that emotion/mood network. We highlight the extensive neuroanatomical opportunities for odor-emotion/mood convergence, as well as functional data demonstrating reciprocal interactions between these processes. Finally, we explore how the odoremotion/mood interplay is, or could be, used in medical and/or commercial applications.

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Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Kontaris¹,

East

Wilson

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Another issue of ongoing research is depression and its impact on olfactory function, which has not been specifically addressed in this investigation. Depression does not appear to uniformly affect smell function, but that olfactory impairment is more related to course and duration than severity of depression . Furthermore, increased olfactory function in patients suffering from olfactory disorders was shown to be linked to an improvement in quality of life and state of depression .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Depression does not appear to uniformly affect smell function, but that olfactory impairment is more related to course and duration than severity of depression. 21 Furthermore, increased olfactory function in patients suffering from olfactory disorders was shown to be linked to an improvement in quality of life and state of depression. 22 In consequence of these interactions, future research on eligibility for OI should include detailed examination of patients' depression state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory implant: Demand for a future treatment option in patients with olfactory dysfunction

Besser

Liu

Renner³

et al. 2018

The Laryngoscope

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“…As a result, the correlation between the scale and the olfactory function did not reach consistency as expected. The reason for this is that the severity of depressive symptoms might not affect olfactory function, course, and duration of depression 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

Wang

Jin

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We aimed to investigate the changes of olfaction of major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after medical treatment, and to preliminarily scrutinize the association between the olfactory function and the severity of depressive symptoms, response inhibition, and emotional responding. Forty-eight medicine-naïve MDD patients plus 33 healthy controls (HC) matched on gender, ages, and level of education, were recruited in the test group. The Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT), Self-reported Olfactory Scale (SROS), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and mean reaction time/accuracy rate (ΔMRt) of emotional Stroop test were measured. The patients were assessed before the treatment (baseline) and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). The data at the baseline level were measured then associated using multiple linear regression stepwise analysis. The MDD patients had lower scores of the CSIT and SROS and longer ΔMRt at baseline level compared to Hc while the ΔMRt of MDD patients remained longer after 3-month treatment (p's < 0.05). At the baseline level, the regression equation including age and ΔMRt of negative word-color congruent (NEG-C), was finally observed as follows: y(CSIT) = 10.676-0.063 × 1-0.002 × 2, [x 1 = the age(y), x 2 = the NEG-C (ms)]. The olfactory function of MDD appears to be correlated negatively with the age and the ΔMRT of negative stimuli before treatment. After the remission of MDD, the olfactory dysfunction was improved, which might be regarded as a responding phenotype of brain function of MDD rather than the emotional responding. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and olfaction disorder (OD) are both chronic diseases that affect human being's life quality 1. A systematic review on ten studies chosen for using the Sniffin' Sticks Test and the 40-item Smell Identification Test assessed to reveal the relationship between depression and OD. Results show that both of the olfactory threshold, olfactory discrimination, and olfactory identification were influenced by depression 2. Furthermore, symptoms of depression worsen with the severity of olfactory loss 3. It was demonstrated that olfactory bulbectomy, as a well-known method, could induce an animal model of depression in animal experiment 4. In depression-related brain areas including hippocampus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus, the turnover of serotonin and dopamine decreases in the olfactory bulbectomized rats 5. Similarly, in human studies, Cory et al. 6 found that patients with depression have decreased activities in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) accompanied with the defect of the olfactory identification. However, Zucco et al. 7 argued that the changes mentioned above occur in patients with the MDD only, not with the mild or moderate depressive disorder. In the neural circuits involved in emotional processing 8 , these key structures such as amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and OFC, are the imperative functional regions of the human olfactory map...

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The impact of severity, course and duration of depression on olfactory function

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Behavioral and Neurobiological Convergence of Odor, Mood and Emotion: A Review

Olfactory implant: Demand for a future treatment option in patients with olfactory dysfunction

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

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