“…The instructions for each motor must have intuitiveness. Therefore, developing a mobile robot together with modules created by Arduino for communication in real-time with Bluetooth [5] or Radio Frequency (RF) antennas provides a solution to the problem that has been formulated [6]. The Arduino nano's input and output configuration compensate for space optimization in handling sensors and electric actuators, which is necessary to satisfy the robot's aims [7].…”
The objective of this work was to design and implement an autonomous vehicle (robot) to collect tennis balls using different digital image processing techniques. The robot was built from an Arduino Nano microcontroller. A radio frequency antenna NRF24L01 receives the data from the control stage and the locomotion system integrated by motors and an odometry system composed of MPU6050 gyroscope encoders; additionally, the system has an emitter module that consists of an Arduino Uno and an antenna with the same characteristics. The prototype consists of two separate subsystems, one for collecting and processing information and the other specific for the vehicle on the ground. It is equipped with a Kinect camera that captures information from a defined area for image processing through a visual control algorithm that detects the balls by color and shape segmentation, determining their location in rectangular coordinates and sending them to the robot through a data transmission system. The Ackerman configuration mobile robot equipped with the wireless communication system receives the coordinates to carry out the movements that are controlled by sensors located on the wheels, with a maximum capacity of 4 balls. The complete running of the system obtained an accuracy of 96.9% in the collection of balls; it should be noted that the tests were carried out with several distractors whose objective was to confuse the system; these tests were carried out at various times the day in a real scenario.
“…The instructions for each motor must have intuitiveness. Therefore, developing a mobile robot together with modules created by Arduino for communication in real-time with Bluetooth [5] or Radio Frequency (RF) antennas provides a solution to the problem that has been formulated [6]. The Arduino nano's input and output configuration compensate for space optimization in handling sensors and electric actuators, which is necessary to satisfy the robot's aims [7].…”
The objective of this work was to design and implement an autonomous vehicle (robot) to collect tennis balls using different digital image processing techniques. The robot was built from an Arduino Nano microcontroller. A radio frequency antenna NRF24L01 receives the data from the control stage and the locomotion system integrated by motors and an odometry system composed of MPU6050 gyroscope encoders; additionally, the system has an emitter module that consists of an Arduino Uno and an antenna with the same characteristics. The prototype consists of two separate subsystems, one for collecting and processing information and the other specific for the vehicle on the ground. It is equipped with a Kinect camera that captures information from a defined area for image processing through a visual control algorithm that detects the balls by color and shape segmentation, determining their location in rectangular coordinates and sending them to the robot through a data transmission system. The Ackerman configuration mobile robot equipped with the wireless communication system receives the coordinates to carry out the movements that are controlled by sensors located on the wheels, with a maximum capacity of 4 balls. The complete running of the system obtained an accuracy of 96.9% in the collection of balls; it should be noted that the tests were carried out with several distractors whose objective was to confuse the system; these tests were carried out at various times the day in a real scenario.
“…This method is suitable for the beam steering of a wide-band antenna regardless of frequency. Figure 3 shows the relationship between the beam direction and the trigger frequency which is the inverse of trigger interval T calculated by equation (1), where the center frequency of trigger signal is 5 MHz at which the direction is θ=0. In the figure Fc and f express the center frequency and the frequency deviation from Fc, respectively.…”
Section: Principle Of Proposed Uwb Impulse Array Antennamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recentry, UWB radars for automobile anti-collision systems [1], [2] have been developed because of their capability for high space resolution. UWB radars have been also applied to through-wall radars [3], [4] for antiterrorism.…”
A UWB impulse array antenna (IAA) utilizing a novel electrical scanning system with tapped delay lines is proposed and its usefulness is experimentally verified. The experimental antenna is composed of impulse generators installed in each antenna element and tapped delay lines used for creating transmitting trigger signals, which is a simple circuit configuration. It is shown that the output phase of the transmitting wave can be controlled by controlling the period of the trigger signal, and beam direction can be controlled from −30 deg to +30 deg by changing the trigger frequency from Fc −2 kHz to Fc+2 kHz. Evaluation of this antenna as a short range radar is carried out and distance resolution of 25 cm and angle resolution below 10 deg are obtained.
“…The current, growing demand for higher frequency electronic devices in applications such as consumer wireless communications, defence, automotive, computer, and medical industries has generated a marked increase in the use of the microwave frequency spectrum, from 300 MHz to 300 GHz (Cocker et al , 2002; Parker, 2002; Rollmann and Bloecher, 2007; Schepps and Rosen, 2002). During the last 20 years, many companies have done important investments and research in manufacturing technology required to produce hybrid microwave integrated circuits (HMICs) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits.…”
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share valuable information about low‐cost microwave circuit research with academic and industrial communities that work, or want to work, in this field.Design/methodology/approachScreen‐printing technology has been chosen as the fabrication method because of simplicity and low costs. Different materials and printing parameters were tested in four generations of microstrip lines. After obtaining a satisfactory fabrication method, passive microwave components were printed, assembled, characterized and modeled.FindingsResults demonstrated that the proposed low‐cost method allows fabricating low loss microstrip lines (15.63×10−3 dB/mm at 10 GHz), filters, inductors, and capacitors that work well up to 12 GHz.Research limitations/implicationsModel accuracy of inductors and capacitors can be improved. The use of more precise calibration and de‐embedding techniques is necessary. More components can be fabricated and modeled to increase the flexibility and applicability of the proposed fabrication method.Practical implicationsThe presented information can help limited budget companies and small educational institutions in electronics to fabricate microwave circuits at low costs. This is an excellent approach for students who want to learn how to make microwave frequency measurements and circuits without the need of expensive fabrication equipment and clean rooms.Originality/valueThe step‐by‐step fabrication method described in this paper allows fabricating different microwave components at low costs. The presentation of electrical models for each component completes the design‐fabrication cycle. As this information is gathered in a single source, it makes easier the incursion of new actors in the microwave field.
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