The Impact of Reproductive Events on the Course of Bipolar Disorder in Women

Freeman, Marlene P.; Smith, Kathy Wosnitzer; Freeman, Scott A.; McElroy, Susan L.; Kmetz, Geri F.; Wright, Ron; Keck, Paul E.

doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n0403

Cited by 249 publications

(226 citation statements)

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“…Bipolar disorder patients who were using hormone replacement therapy during perimenopause reported significantly less worsening of mood symptoms than the patients without hormone replacement therapy [95]. This should be considered while adjusting the medication for bipolar disorder in perimenopause.…”

Section: Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 97%

Reproductive Aging: Perimenopause and Psychopathological Symptoms

Geršak¹,

Gersak²,

Turčin³

2018

Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases

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The female reproductive axis essentially comprises of the hypothalamic-pituitaryovarian axis and the mullerian-derived structures. The reproductive axis ages to a nonfunctional state (menopause) much earlier than the other organ systems do, at a time when a woman is otherwise healthy. The basis of reproductive senescence in women is oocyte depletion in the ovary. Perimenopause is defined by menstrual cycle and endocrine changes, such as disturbed ovarian-pituitary-hypothalamic feedback relationships, inaccurate estrogen levels, and decreased progesterone levels. Many psychopathological changes can take place, but most commonly women experience mild cognitive impairment, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, and depression. Estrogens influence depression and depressive-like behavior through interactions with neurotropic factors and through an influence on the serotonergic system.

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Section: Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 97%

Reproductive Aging: Perimenopause and Psychopathological Symptoms

Geršak¹,

Gersak²,

Turčin³

2018

Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases

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“…There are conflicting studies of bipolar disorders during pregnancy. Whereas most studies show high recurrence rates during pregnancy, others support remarkable stability during pregnancy [48,49]. Some report fewer or shorter recurrences during pregnancy compared with antenatal period [50].…”

Section: Bipolar Mood Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders during Pregnancy and Postpartum

Sharma¹,

Singh²,

Tempe³

et al. 2017

J Preg Child Health

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Pregnancy is the most beautiful and memorable time in a woman's life. Apart from medical and obstetrical challenges it involves a of lot emotional, psychological and social aspects too. Although women having medical and obstetrical disorders commonly seek treatment, psychological problems are often not addressed. A female may continue to live in a state of emotional turmoil and may attribute these changes to the hormonal changes in the body due to pregnancy. Psychiatric disorders which remain untreated can disrupt the social life and can have undesirable effects on fetal and neonatal development, so it becomes important to identify women at risk for developing psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and postpartum and initiate timely management. Although the American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology recommended strongly considering screening pregnant women for depression in 2006, it is not done as a routine.

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“…A presença de sintomas na gravidez estaria associada com alteração do humor no puerpério, e 64% das mulheres apresentariam novos episódios afetivos nas gravidezes subseqüentes (Freeman et al, 2002). Viguera et al (2005) avaliaram 2.340 mulheres em acompanhamento pré-natal para risco de depressão e prevalência de transtornos do humor na gravidez.…”

Section: Ciclo Da Vida Gravidezunclassified

“…Na perimenopausa e na pós-menopausa, também houve piora dos sintomas, em especial os depressivos provavelmente secundários à diminuição estrogênica. Aparentemente, a terapia de reposição hormonal poderia atenuar tais sintomas (Freeman et al, 2002). Dados de mulheres com TB de ciclagem rápida (TBCR) não mostram associação consistente entre fase menstrual e humor, na pós e pré-menopausa, o que não significa que não exista (Leibenluft, 2000).…”

Section: Menopausaunclassified

Transtorno bipolar do humor e gênero

Dias¹,

Kerr-Corrêa²,

Torresan³

et al. 2006

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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ResumoEmbora o transtorno bipolar (TB) ocorra quase igualmente em ambos os sexos, a fenomenologia e o curso da doença diferem no homem e na mulher. No entanto, há evidências de que mulheres bipolares, mais que os homens, apresentariam início mais tardio (em especial na quinta década de vida), ciclagem rápida, mais episódios depressivos, mais mania disfó-rica que eufórica, estados mistos e evolução do tipo bipolar II, ainda que os achados nem sempre sejam consistentes. Embora o risco de comorbidades no TB inclua, para ambos os gêneros, abuso de álcool e drogas, homens bipolares teriam maior probabilidade de ser alcoolistas, não procurar tratamento e de se suicidar. Hipóteses sugeridas para explicar tais diferenças variam daquelas centradas em aspectos culturais ou psicológicos para as que focalizam os sistemas hormonais, como os esteróides gonadais ou o eixo tireoidiano, e até mesmo a anatomia cerebral. A influência do ciclo reprodutivo (ciclo menstrual, gravidez e menopausa) sobre as opções terapêuticas no tratamento do TB é apresentada na última parte desta revisão.Palavras-chave: Transtorno bipolar, gênero, tratamento, epidemiologia, evolução. AbstractAlthough the bipolar disorder (BD) occurs almost with the same frequency in both genders, the phenomenology and the outcome of the illness differ between them. Nevertheless, there is evidence that women with BD show, more than men, delayed beginning, especially in their fifth decade, more rapid cycling outcome, more depressive episodes, more dysphoric mania, more mixed states and more BD type II. Even so, the findings are not always consistent. Although the risk of comorbidities in BD includes, for both the sorts, excessive alcoholic consumption and drugs, bipolar men would have greater probability of being alcohol dependent, of not seeking treatment and of committing suicide. Suggested hypotheses to explain such Bipolar affective disorder and gender

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The Impact of Reproductive Events on the Course of Bipolar Disorder in Women

Cited by 249 publications

References 0 publications

Reproductive Aging: Perimenopause and Psychopathological Symptoms

Reproductive Aging: Perimenopause and Psychopathological Symptoms

Psychiatric Disorders during Pregnancy and Postpartum

Transtorno bipolar do humor e gênero

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