The Impact of Reality Therapy on Self-Efficacy for Substance-Involved Female Offenders in Taiwan

Abstract

This study aimed to fulfill a twofold purpose. First, a 12-session reality therapy drug treatment program to enhance substance-involved females' self-efficacy in three aspects, which have been demonstrated to be essential to recovery, was designed and implemented. Second, to test the effectiveness of the treatment program, the Index of Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale was developed and validated using Principal Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The participants in the drug treatment program were 40 incarcerated substance-involved female offenders, who were randomly assigned to equal-sized experimental and control groups. The results of the study, obtained by ANCOVA analysis, showed significant differences in the post-test scores for sense of self-efficacy in decision making, action-planning, and coping and social skills for the members of the two groups.

Choice and Hope

“…Hammerley, Cavelle, and Forayth (1992) confirmed that choice-based strategies could enable adolescent drug offenders to build up self-confidence in their ability to solve problems. According to Law and Guo (2015), after choice-based reality treatment, Taiwanese women convicted of drug offences showed significant improvement in belief in their ability to undertake the necessary actions and change in behavior to move toward a desired outcome in decision-making, coping, and social skills, and planning ability. In other words, when women convicted of drug offences were more confident that they had the ability to choose and create helpful behavior, their motivation for goal pursuit was likely to increase as a result.…”

“…Empirical evidence from research in Taiwan has shown that finding hope is a critical factor for substance involvement recovery (Guo & Law, 2013; Law & Guo, 2012). Furthermore, although not using the same terminology, some empirical evidence has revealed that hope-related variables, such as understanding their needs and future goals, persistence in overcoming obstacles, sense of self-control in goal pursuing, and self-confidence in their ability to undertake the necessary actions, and so on, have been shown to be strengthened through choice-based reality therapy (Hsiao, 1997; Law & Guo, 2014, 2015; Xu, 1984). The HELP model developed by Pound and Duchac (2009) is one example of a treatment program which includes hope, evaluation, teaching/learning, and a WDEP action plan in one model.…”

“…Next, the therapist asks individuals where their current choices are taking them and to evaluate whether their current choices are taking them where they want to go to assist them in gaining energy for goal pursuit through an increased sense of self-control. Finally, the therapist asks individuals to make an effective plan to fulfill their wants to assist them in gaining confidence in their pathway planning (Glasser, 1990;Law & Guo, 2014, 2015Wubbolding, 1990). Snyder (2000) cited a line from a poem of Coleridge titled "Work Without Hope": "Hope without an object cannot live" (p. 9).…”

What Protects Adolescents from Suicidal Attempt: A Qualitative Study

“…Suicidal attempts in adolescents are accompanied by different results, such as disability and increased costs of treatment in this population (16,17). In addition, the suicide attempt in adolescents is a dramatic event, but it is avoidable (18). Unfortunately, few studies have been carried out in Iran for a comprehensive understanding of suicide attempts and suicide prevention with regard to the Iranian culture (19).…”

The effects of assertiveness skills development program (ASDP) on the assertiveness levels of psychological counselor candidates

“…In view of the literature, it was reported that the group work conducted on the basis of choice theory boosted university students' self-esteem levels and willingness to learn and that they began to show more responsible behaviors in their social relations (Napan, 2002), developed the behavior of determining own future in disabled individuals (Lawrence, 2004), improved the sense of self-efficacy in decision making, actionplanning and coping social skills (Law and Guo, 2015), reduced bullying level (Kim, 2006) as well as the level of internet addiction while improving self-esteem (Kim, 2008).…”