“…Rapport is often variously and abstractly described across domains, such as being a "harmonious, empathetic, or sympathetic relation or connection" [31], "a smooth, positive interpersonal interaction" ([32], p. 208), or "a relationship marked by conformity" ( [33], p. 51). A focused review of the forensic rapport literature also reveals a large research focus on i) mapping the presence and/or absence of rapportbuilding techniques and their likely impact on interview outcomes (e.g., [25,26,34]), or ii) developing and applying models of rapport and interpersonal communication using real-life interview data (e.g., [11,28,[35][36][37]). Some focus has been placed on experimentally manipulating the presence/absence of various rapport behaviours in witness interview settings, although this research base is currently small and limited [14,15].…”