“…Ai and Sappington, 2005), operating efficiency (e.g. Li and Xu, 2004;Berg, Lin and Tsaplin, 2005), and the provision of public goods (Bose, Capasso, and Murshid, 2008). We add to the existing literature by showing that regulatory schemes have significant effects on reducing the form of corruption that is associated with obtaining access to service.…”