The impact of pre-existing shoulder diseases and traumatic injuries of the shoulder on adhesive capsulitis in adult population

Tzeng, Chung‐Yuh; Chiang, Hsiu‐Yin; Huang, Chia‐Wei; Lin, Wei-Szu; Hsiao, Tzu‐Hung; Lin, Ching-Heng

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017204

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This contrasts with earlier investigations which suggested a higher risk of AC for white patients [ 54 ] but is supported by more recent and larger studies which also found higher rates in non-white patients [ 55 ]. Others have observed higher rates for Asian ancestry individuals in particular [ 13 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the known direct association between mastectomy and AC diagnosis [ 14 ], any beneficiaries that had a mastectomy (CPT 85.2, 85.3, 85.4) were excluded from the analysis. Patients with fracture, dislocations, and sprains involving the shoulder were also excluded as these are known causes of secondary AC [ 13 ]. Furthermore, because rotator cuff (RC) tears were used as our control group, any AC beneficiaries who had a concurrent RC diagnosis were also excluded from the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis codes were examined for infectious disease and trauma diagnoses occurring 180-days prior to the index shoulder diagnosis. Categories of infectious diseases were created following prior classification systems [ 13 , 41 , 42 ]. The five most common infectious disease groups, occurring in at least 3% of the study population were examined in the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AC is typically referred to as “primary” or “secondary”. Primary AC is idiopathic AC where examination and history cannot explain the development of the condition [ 2 ] whereas secondary AC develops due to pre-existing shoulder disorders or shoulder trauma [ 13 ] or post-mastectomy from breast cancer [ 14 ]. Primary AC is idiopathic with the cause unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary AC is idiopathic with the cause unknown. Several risk factors for primary AC have been identified including diabetes [ 5 , 15 – 17 ], thyroid disorders [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 ], rheumatoid arthritis [ 13 ], gout [ 20 ], hyperlipidemia [ 17 , 21 ] and Parkinson’s disease [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology and etiology of adhesive capsulitis in the U.S. Medicare population

Sarasua

Floyd

Bridges

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder, causes substantial pain and disability. In cases of secondary AC, the inflammation and fibrosis of the synovial joint can be triggered by trauma or surgery to the joint followed by extended immobility. However, for primary AC the inciting trigger is unknown. The burden of the disorder among the elderly is also unknown leading to this age group being left out of therapeutic research studies, potentially receiving delayed diagnoses, and unknown financial costs to the Medicare system. The purpose of this analysis was to describe the epidemiology of AC in individuals over the age of 65, an age group little studied for this disorder. The second purpose was to investigate whether specific medications, co-morbidities, infections, and traumas are risk factors or triggers for primary AC in this population. Methods We used Medicare claims data from 2010–2012 to investigate the prevalence of AC and assess comorbid risk factors and seasonality. Selected medications, distal trauma, and classes of infections as potential inflammatory triggers for primary AC were investigated using a case–control study design with patients with rotator cuff tears as the comparison group. Medications were identified from National Drug codes and translated to World Health Organization ATC codes for analysis. Health conditions were identified using ICD9-CM codes. Results We found a one-year prevalence rate of AC of approximately 0.35% among adults aged 65 years and older which translates to approximately 142,000 older adults in the United States having frozen shoulder syndrome. Diabetes and Parkinson’s disease were significantly associated with the diagnosis of AC in the elderly. Cases were somewhat more common from August through December, although a clear seasonal trend was not observed. Medications, traumas, and infections were similar for cases and controls. Conclusions This investigation identified the burden of AC in the US elderly population and applied case–control methodology to identify triggers for its onset in this population. Efforts to reduce chronic health conditions such as diabetes may reduce seemingly unrelated conditions such as AC. The inciting trigger for this idiopathic condition remains elusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%