The Impact of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Properties of Cadmium Oxide Semiconductor Nanoparticles Manufactured by Heat Treatment Technique

Abstract

Cadmium oxide semiconductor nanoparticles were produced using a water based mixture, incorporating cadmium nitrates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and calcination temperature. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluation was conducted to determine the degree of crystallization of the semiconductor nanoparticles. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to identify the morphological features of the nanoparticles. The typical particle sizes and particle dispersal were analyzed via the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings provided further support for the XRD outcomes. To determine the composition phase, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was conducted, as it indicated the existence of not only metal oxide ionic band in the selection of samples, but also the efficient removal of organic compounds following calcinations. The optical characteristics were demonstrated, so as to analyze the energy band gap via the use of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A reduced particle size resulted in diminution of the intensity of photoluminescence, was demonstrated by PL spectra. Plus, the magnetic characteristics were examined using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, which affirmed the existence of unpaired electrons.

Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone on structural and optical properties of willemite semiconductor nanoparticles by polymer thermal treatment method

“…The uniformity of the willemite NPs distribution shown in Fig. 9 is less at the 20 and 30 g L -1 PVP concentration due to the inadequate polymeric chain to cap the material and hinder the nucleation growth [59]. Nevertheless, Fig.…”

“…7a exhibits an irregular shape and morphology. This is due to the elevation in the surface energy of the material where the tiny NPs gather together and fuse into one another, thus forming larger particles [59]. The willemite NPs formed with lower PVP concentration of 20 and 30 g L -1 seem to possess higher sign of agglomeration that exhibits nonhomogeneity in the particles distribution.…”

Structural and Optical Properties of Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Treatment Method

“…To overcome some of these shortcomings, the thermal treatment method is proposed here for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles for the first time. This method was intended to synthesize oxide nanomaterials, such as metal ferrite nanoparticles: ZnFe 2 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 , and CoFe 2 O 4 [39,40,41]; metal chromic nanoparticles, ZnCr 2 O 4 [42]; and semiconductor nanoparticles such as ZnO [43], CdO [44], TiO 2 and ZrO 2 [45,46]. By removing oxygen via nitrogen flow during calcination in an aqueous solution containing metal precursor and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), the metal nanoparticles can be manufactured using the thermal treatment method.…”

Structural, morphological and optical behaviour of PVP capped binary (ZnO)0.4 (CdO)0.6 nanoparticles synthesised by a facile thermal route

“…Other examples of suitable applications are clear electrodes, diodes and gas sensors, and these materials are widely used for these purposes [61][62][63]. In a similar way to the ZnO semiconductors, many different forms of CdO have been created at the nanoscale, such as cubes [64], thin films of nanoclusters [65], wires [66,67], nanoclusters [68], nanoparticles [69][70][71], crystals [72,73], nanorodes [74] and several more exotic structures such as CdO Rhombus-like nanostructure [75] and heterojunction nanofibres [76], among others [77]. The range of processing techniques applicable to CdO semiconductors mirrors those of ZnO, for example sonochemical and solvothermal processes [78], thermal decomposition [79], soft chemical methods [80], and evaporation techniques [81].…”