“…The influence of a passive social presence is also readily apparent in the retail context. For instance, the mere presence (vs. absence) of another shopper can cause a consumer to select a more expensive brand (Argo et al, ), spend more time shopping (Luck & Benkenstein, ), and evaluate a service provider more favorably (Brack & Benkenstien, , ), while reporting a greater likelihood of recommending the service (Brack & Benkenstien, , ), shopping satisfaction (Kwon, Ha, & Im, ; Luck & Benkenstein, ), and willingness to buy (Luck & Benkenstein, ). Although these retail examples focus on the impact of another shopper, a sales associate can also serve as an influential passive social presence.…”