“…The QOF has, however, received increasing criticism with several studies suggesting it has not led to improvements in the quality of primary care and population health metrics, and that it is poor value for money (Ashworth & Gulliford, 2017; Campbell et al, 2009; Doran et al, 2006; Doran et al, 2011; Doran et al, 2014; Doran et al, 2017; Fleetcroft et al, 2010; Forbes et al, 2017; Gillam et al, 2012; Grigoroglou et al, 2018; Hamel et al, 2014; Kontopantelis et al, 2015; Lester et al, 2010; Mandavia et al, 2017; Marshall & Roland, 2017; Raleigh, 2018; Roland, 2016; Roland & Guthrie, 2016; Roland & Olesen, 2016; Ryan et al, 2016; Steel & Shekelle, 2016; Thorne, 2016). There have been a considerable number of studies and systematic reviews investigating the effects of incentive schemes on quality, cost, efficiency, and equity of primary care provision (Alshamsan et al, 2010; Alshamsan et al, 2012; Conrad & Perry, 2009; Damberg et al, 2014; Doran et al, 2006; Eijkenaar et al, 2013; Emmert et al, 2012; Flodgren et al, 2011; Girault et al, 2017; Glidewell et al, 2015; Grimaldi, 2018; Herbst et al, 2018; Houle et al, 2012; Kondo et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2011; Markovitz & Ryan, 2017; Mendelson et al, 2017; Pandya et al, 2018; Petersen et al, 2006; Petersen et al, 2013; Roland & Dudley, 2015; Scott et al, 2011; Soucat et al, 2017; Van Herck et al, 2010;…”