The Impact of Multiple Marginality on Gang Membership and Delinquent Behavior for Hispanic, African American, and White Male Adolescents

Krohn, Marvin D.; Schmidt, Nicole; Lizotte, Alan J.; Baldwin, Julie Marie

doi:10.1177/1043986211402183

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Vulnerability refers to a state of being exposed to and unprotected from health damaging environment (Hall et al, 1994; Mohammed, 2006). Vulnerability captures the complex interaction between the sociopolitical, economic, structural, cultural and interpersonal circumstances that pose both physiological and/or psychological threat to an individual (Gutierrez et al, 2009; Krohn, Schmidt, Lizotte, & Baldwin, 2011). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginalization: Conceptualizing patient vulnerabilities in the framework of social determinants of health—An integrative review

2018

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Scientific advances in healthcare have been disproportionately distributed across social strata. Disease burden is also disproportionately distributed, with marginalized groups having the highest risk of poor health outcomes. Social determinants are thought to influence healthcare delivery and the management of chronic diseases among marginalized groups, but the current conceptualization of social determinants lacks a critical focus on the experiences of people within their environment. The purpose of this article is to integrate the literature on marginalization and situate the concept in the framework of social determinants of health. We demonstrate that social position links marginalization and social determinants of health. This perspective provides a critical lens to assess the societal power dynamics that influence the construction of the socio-environmental factors affecting health. Linking marginalization with social determinants of health can improve our understanding of the inequities in health care delivery and the disparities in chronic disease burden among vulnerable groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginalization: Conceptualizing patient vulnerabilities in the framework of social determinants of health—An integrative review

2018

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“…Youth gangs often emerge from neighborhoods with entrenched poverty and racial and health disparities, conditions that also shape access to present and future socioeconomic prospects. 6,[50][51][52][53] These same contextual factors, including culture conflict, alienation from family and racial and ethnic discrimination, have also been associated with alcohol and drug use among Latino youth and adults. 17 ,r 54 There is a need for novel intervention approaches that address structural exposures and can better tackle multiple health outcomes, including frequent substance use, with common pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homies with Aspirations and Positive Peer Network Ties: Associations with Reduced Frequent Substance Use among Gang-Affiliated Latino Youth

Dommelen-Gonzalez

Deardorff²,

Herd³

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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In marginalized urban neighborhoods across the USA, Latino youth are disproportionately represented among the growing number of youth gangs. Substance use among gang-involved youth poses both immediate and long-term health risks and can threaten educational engagement, future socioeconomic stability, and desistance. Conventional assessments of gang-affiliated youth and their peer network overlook the possibility that positive peer ties may exist and can foster health promoting behavior norms. Drawing on a positive deviance framework, in this study, we examine the relationship between positive peer network characteristics tied to post-secondary educational aspirations and frequent alcohol and marijuana use among Latino, gangaffiliated youth from a neighborhood in San Francisco. Using generalized estimating equations regression models across 72 peer network clusters (162 youth), we found that having close friends who plan to go to a 4-year college was associated with a lower odds of frequent marijuana and alcohol use (OR 0.27, p=0.02; OR 0.29, p=0.14, respectively) and that this association persisted when adjusting for risk characteristics (OR 0.19, pG0.01; OR 0.25, p=0.12). Public health can advance gang intervention efforts by identifying protective and risk factors associated with non-criminal health outcomes to inform participatory research approaches and asset-based interventions that contribute to building healthy communities.

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“…It is important to highlight, however, that family is held in particularly high regard within the Hispanic culture. Hispanic youth tend to have stronger emotional bonds to their family and are more invested in their family (Bourgois 1996;Krohn et al 2011a)-which can make them less susceptible to peer pressure (Horowitz 1983;Martinez 2002). That said, this connection is thought to be eliminated as Hispanic youth become more acculturated in American society and dissonance between the traditional culture and American culture increases (Krohn et al 2011a).…”

Section: Racial/ethnic Differences In the Life Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Racial and Ethnic Variations in Reasons for Leaving a Youth Gang

Carson

2018

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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Purpose One underrepresented area of research within the developmental and life course framework is how criminal careers vary across racial and ethnic lines. Similarly, little is known about how the processes surrounding leaving a youth gang differ based the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities. This manuscript will help fill this gap in both bodies of literature by examining differences in push and pull motivations for gang desistance across black, Hispanic, and white youth who reside in seven different cities across the U.S. Methods The mixed-method analysis relies on grounded theory techniques to identify themes in the qualitative interviews as well as provides a quantitative comparison of gang desistance motivations. Results Black youth were least likely to report pulls associated with prosocial attachments and were also least likely to report being disillusioned with intragang relationships. Hispanic youth most commonly reported pulls associated with parental encouragement and experiencing official sanctions and pushes centered on direct and vicarious violent experiences. White youth most commonly reported pulls associated with having a significant other and pushes including feelings of disillusionment with intragang relationships. Conclusion While there is evidence that street socialization and social isolation uniquely impact the gang desistance decisions of black gang youth, these differences might not be enough to justify race-specific intervention programs.

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The Impact of Multiple Marginality on Gang Membership and Delinquent Behavior for Hispanic, African American, and White Male Adolescents

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Marginalization: Conceptualizing patient vulnerabilities in the framework of social determinants of health—An integrative review

Marginalization: Conceptualizing patient vulnerabilities in the framework of social determinants of health—An integrative review

Homies with Aspirations and Positive Peer Network Ties: Associations with Reduced Frequent Substance Use among Gang-Affiliated Latino Youth

Examining Racial and Ethnic Variations in Reasons for Leaving a Youth Gang

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