The impact of mothers' gender-role stereotypic beliefs on mothers' and children's ability perceptions.

Jacobs, Janis E.; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.932

Cited by 323 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…However, more recent scholarship has highlighted the role of family factors in mathematical aptitude (Casad et al 2015;Entwisle et al 1994;Frome and Eccles 1998), an influence that had been noted in some early research as well (Benbow and Stanley 1980;Block 1983). Parents' gender ideologies influence their children's self-confidence with respect to math (Muller 1998), and parents with traditional gender attitudes tend to have daughters with diminished mathematical self-efficacy (Frome and Eccles 1998;Jacobs and Eccles 1992;Jacobs 1991;Parsons et al 1982;Schafer and Gray 1981). Parents with lower mathematical expectations for their daughters tend to have daughters with less ambition in math (Casad et al 2015;Frome and Eccles 1998;Parsons et al 1982).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Occupation and the Gender Math Gap: Examining the Social Reproduction of Academic Advantage among Elementary and Middle School Students

Bowden

Bartkowski

et al. 2017

Social Sciences

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Abstract:Math proficiency is considered a critical subject for entry into most science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations. This study examines the relationship between parental occupation and gender differences in students' math performance, that is, the gender math gap. Using insights from theories of social and gender reproduction, we hypothesize that daughters of STEM-employed parents, and especially STEM-employed mothers, will score higher on standardized math tests than their peers with non-STEM parents. Multiple waves of panel data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) featuring students in third, fifth, and eighth grades are used to examine these hypotheses. Results from random effects regression models confirm these hypotheses while also revealing support for STEM-employed father-to-son and father-to-daughter transmission of a math performance advantage. Also, regardless of parental occupation, a gender math gap remains evident. We conclude by discussing implications, study limitations, and directions for future research.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Occupation and the Gender Math Gap: Examining the Social Reproduction of Academic Advantage among Elementary and Middle School Students

Bowden

Bartkowski

et al. 2017

Social Sciences

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“…The findings indicate that parental expectations do not have a significant impact on the gender math gap. However, Tiedemann (2000) and Jacobs and Eccles (1992) provide evidence t hat parents' gender stereotyped beliefs about their children's competence in ma.th (i.e. ma.th is a. male domain) influence children's self-perceptions of ability in ma.th and hence their ma.th achievement.…”

Section: 1 Factors Influe Ncing Gender Test Score Gap: N Ature Versumentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiparametric decomposition of the gender achievement gap: An application for Turkey

Gevrek

Seiberlich

2014

Labour Economics

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Using the data from the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study sheds light on the gender gap in mathematics and science achievement of 15-year-olds in Turkey. We apply a semiparametric Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition to investigate the gap. This technique relaxes the parametric assumptions of the standard OB decomposition, accounts for the possible violation of the common support assumption and allows us to explore the gender test score gap not only at the mean but also across the entire distribution of test scores. Our findings provide evidence that the failure to recognize the common support problem leads to the underestimation of the part of the gap attributable to observable characteristics. We find that girls outperform boys in science while the gap is not statistically significant in math. School characteristics are the most important observable characteristics in explaining the gap. We also find that the gender test score gap changes across the distribution.

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“…They may be more attracted to activities where they think they can succeed rather than to new, and more daring, activities (see Eccles, 1994Eccles, , 2010Jacobs andEccles, 1992: Jussim andDiekman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, without women role models for success in male-dominated domains, female stereotypes persist (Jacobs and Eccles, 1992;Jussim and Eccles, 1992;Diekman et al, 2010). However, a Swedish survey (NUTEK, 2003), which notes the androcentric perspective of many research studies, found that an analysis of industry sectors is very relevant in the analysis of women and men at work.…”

Section: Women and Men At Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Business advisory services and risk among start-ups and young companies: a gender perspective

Kremel

Yazdanfar

2015

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship

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This study aims to investigate the demand for business advisory services by owners of start-ups and young companies by taking a gender perspecitve. The study also examines whether risk-taking is more characteristic of masculine than feminine behaviour in this context. Design/methodA literature review examines business advisory services and risk aversion from a gender perspective. The empirical data are derived from interviews with owners of more than 2700 start-ups and young companies in Sweden. A number of key variables compare how the company owners (women and men) view business advisory services as a way to overcome risk and to gain access to information in networks. Several statistical tests are used to analyse these data. FindingsWomen owners of start-ups and young companies use more and different business advisory services than men owners. There are differences among the men owners and women owners as far as the amount of start-up capital, company size, and industry sector. Given the risks associated with start-up, business advisory services are important to women in helping them reduce their risk in the start-up and early stages of their companies. Research limitationCompanies in Sweden's largest city, Stockholm, were not included in the sample. Financial data were not used as variables. ImplicationsPolicy makers should address women owners' greater demand for business advisory services in their companies' early stages. Value/originalityThis study's originality is its gender perspective on the demand for business advisory services by startups and young companies, and its challenge to previous findings about entrepreneurial behaviour and risk taking.

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The impact of mothers' gender-role stereotypic beliefs on mothers' and children's ability perceptions.

Cited by 323 publications

References 67 publications

Parental Occupation and the Gender Math Gap: Examining the Social Reproduction of Academic Advantage among Elementary and Middle School Students

Parental Occupation and the Gender Math Gap: Examining the Social Reproduction of Academic Advantage among Elementary and Middle School Students

Semiparametric decomposition of the gender achievement gap: An application for Turkey

Business advisory services and risk among start-ups and young companies: a gender perspective

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